KIN 223 Ch 11

Usually during axial muscle contraction, the more moveable muscle attachment, the ____ attachment is pulled toward the less moveable muscle attachment

superior

Example of a circular muscle

orbicularis oris

When the triceps brachii extends the elbow, its action is considered to be?

agonist

Shapes used in naming muscles

rhomboid, deltoid, trapezius

what is this facial muscle

buccinator muscle

When an appendicular muscle is contracting, the less moveable muscle attachment is usually what attachment

proximal

Identify the extrinsic eye muscles of the right eye, lateral view

a: superior rectus
b: inferior oblique

Skeletal muscles have 3 types of primary actions

synergists, agonists, antagonists

Orientation of the fascicles can be described as

rectus, oblique

which muscle compresses the cheek against the teeth, as in chewing, when it contracts

buccinator muscle

which muscle adducts the eye

medial rectus

formal word for chewing

mastication

muscles of mastication

medial pterygoid muscle, temporalis, massseter, lateral pterygoid

which facial muscle is this

buccinator muscle

The temporalis muscle ___ the mandible

retracts

what muscle of mastication is this

masseter muscle

what are the muscles of the anterior neck that are superior to the hyoid called

suprahyoid muscles

anterior muscles of the neck flex/extend the neck

flex

muscle of mastication indicated in the image

temporalis muscle

what muscle elevates and protracts the mandible during mastication

masseter muscle

the suprahyoid muscles lower/elevate the hyoid bone

elevate

unilateral contraction of the erector spinae muscles causes

lateral flexion of the vertebral column

what is this neck muscle

splenius capitis muscle

which muscle elevates and retracts the mandible during mastication

temporalis muscle

the most powerful and important muscle of contraction is the

masseter

the thoracic muscles increase the space of the thoracic cavity during

inspiration

functions of the erector spinae muscles

extension of the vertebral column, lateral flexion of vertebral column, maintenance of posture

what neck muscle is this

sternocleidomastoid muscle

identify the muscles in the inferior view of the male and female superficial pelvic floor muscles

a: bulbospongiosus

b: ischiocavernosus
c: levator ani

the pectoralis minor protracts/retracts the scapula

protracts

abdominal wall muscle indicated as B

internal oblique muscle

the muscles moving the pectoral girdle are classified as either

anterior/posterior

which muscle group maintains person’s posture and helps individual to stand erect

erector spinae

what muscle depresses the scapula

pectoralis minor

what is formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae

pelvic diaphragm

the muscles that retract the scapula

trapezius and rhomboids (minor and major)

all anterior muscles moving pectoral girdle are deep to other thoracic muscles T/F

true

the pectoralis minor is one of the ___ thoracic muscles that move the pectoral girdle

anterior

anterior thoracic muscles moving the pectoral girdle are the

serratus anterior, subclavius, pectoralis minor

the serratus anterior differs from the subclavius and pectoralis minor in that

it inferiorly attaches to the anterior of the thorax, but it superiorly attaches to the posterior of the thorax (attachments of the subclavius and pectoralis minor are on the anterior of the thorax)

location of pectoralis minor

deep to the pectoralis major

the serratus anterior helps stabilize scapula against the posterior/anterior side of rib cage

posterior

location of the serratus anterior

located between anterior surface of the ribs and anterior surface of scapula

label the posterior thoracic muscles moving the pectoral girdle

a: trapezius

b: levator scapulae

c: rhomboid minor

d: rhomboid major

the pectoralis minor muscle is ____ to the pectoralis major muscle

deep

actions of serratus anterior muscle

stabilizes the scapula and superiorly rotates the scapula

actions of the subclavius

depresses and stabilizes the clavicle

what happens to the scapula when levator scapulae contracts

it is rotated, inferiorly and it is elevated

how many muscles cross the glenohumeral joint

11

what is the prime mover of scapular protraction

serratus anterior

what is the prime movers of the glenohumeral joint

latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

describe the levator scapulae muscle

posterior thoracic muscle, superior to the rhomboids (minor and major), deep to the trapezius

where is the latissimus dorsi

posterior of body, inferior part of the back

muscles moving glenohumeral joint and originate on axial skeleton

latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major

movements of the glenohumeral joint that occur with contraction of the latissimus dorsi

adduction of the arm, medial rotation, extension

location of pectoralis major

anterior of body, covers superior portion of thorax

the levator scapulae depresses/elevates the scapula

elevates

the ___ is the principal flexor of the arm

pectoralis major

latissimus dorsi

broad, triangular muscle located on inferior part of the back

what extends the arm

triceps brachii

muscles that move the glenohumeral joint originating on the scapula

triceps and biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, teres major, deltoid

movements of glenohumeral joint that occur when pectoralis major contracts

flexion, adduction, medial rotation

movements of the glenohumeral joint with contraction of the triceps brachii

adduction and extension of the arm

the muscles in the posterior/anterior compartment of the arm flexes the arm at the elbow

anterior

contraction of the long head of the biceps brachii results in a single type of movement of the glenohumeral joint

flexion of the arm

what muscles extend the forearm

anconeus and triceps brachii

extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand

originate in the forearm, flex/extend the hand, thumb, and fingers

what muscles flex the forearm

biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

The intrinsic muscles of the hand are classified anatomically as the group at the base of the thumb (the ___ group), those found at the base of the little finger (the ___ group), and everything in between (the ___ group)

thenar, hypothenar, midpalmar

why is the forearm larger near the elbow than it is near the wrist

bellies of the forearm muscles that move the wrist are located near the elbow; the tendons of these muscles extend toward wrist

the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and extend/flex the knee

extend

describe the compartments in the forearm

contain functionally related muscles, are defined by partitions formed by deep fascia, contain nerves and blood vessels of the forearm muscles

most of the anterior/posterior compartment muscles are wrist and finger extensors

posterior

describe the compartments of the thigh

includes muscles with similar actions, are anatomically defined by the fasci latae, include blood vessels and nerves for a single compartment

in addition to the compartments, muscles in what 2 other groups move the hip joint/thigh

gluteal group and deep muscles of the gluteal region

contraction of gluteal muscle results in

extension of the thigh

anatomical and functional criteria for defining compartments of muscles that move the hip and knee joints are identical t/f

true

muscles of the posterior thigh (hamstrings)

semimembranosus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus

in addition to its role in the compartmentalization of the thigh, the fasciae latae

supports and binds the thigh muscles

which one is the psoas major

B

muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh adduct/abduct the thigh

adduct

most muscles of the ___ compartment act as both extensors of the thigh and flexors of the knee

posterior

muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

rectus femoris, sartorius, iliacus, psoas major

when the iliacus contracts, the thigh is

flexed

when the psoas major contracts, the thigh is ____

flexed

which one is the iliacus

C

the tensor fasciae latae is a muscle in the lateral thigh compartment t/f

true

what happens when the lateral muscle of the thigh contracts

medial rotation of the thigh, abduction

contraction of the deep muscles of the gluteal region results in ___

rotation of the thigh

deep muscles of the gluteal region

piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, inferior gemellus

muscles of the medial thigh compartment

gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, obturator externus, pectineus

which one is the gluteus minimus

X

what happens to the thigh when the superficial muscles in the gluteal region contract

abduction and rotation of the thigh

muscles of the gluteal group of the posterior thigh

gluteus minimus, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius

which is the sartorius

P

the hamstring group of muscles flex/extend the thigh and flex/extend the leg

extend; flex