Integumentary System Lecture

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and functions related to the integumentary system, as discussed in the lecture.

What is the Integumentary System?

The organ system comprised of the skin and associated structures and appendages.

What are the main functions of the Integumentary System?

Protection, Vitamin D synthesis, sensory reception, temperature regulation, excretion, and disease diagnosis.

What are the two basic tissue types that make up the skin?

Epidermis (epithelial tissue) and dermis (connective tissue).

What is the largest organ of the human body?

The skin.

What are the appendages of the skin?

Hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

What are the layers of the skin?

Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.

What type of cells produce melanin?

Melanocytes.

What is the role of Langerhans Cells?

They play a role in immunological skin reactions.

What do Merkel's Cells do?

They may serve as sensory receptors.

What is keratin?

A protein produced by keratinocytes.

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Eccrine and apocrine sweat glands.

Where are eccrine sweat glands located?

They open at the skin surface and are distributed over most of the body.

Where are apocrine sweat glands primarily found?

In the axillary and pubic regions.

What do sebaceous glands produce?

Sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair.

What is the primary function of ceruminous glands?

To produce cerumen, which acts as a barrier to protect the ear.

What is the outer layer of the skin called?

Epidermis.

What is the inner layer of the skin called?

Dermis.

What type of skin is found on the palms of hands and soles of feet?

Thick skin.

What type of skin is found in other body areas?

Thin skin.

What is the role of the arrector pili muscle?

To cause hair to stand up, usually in response to cold or fear.

What is the main function of the skin as a barrier?

To protect against UV light and pathogens.

How does the skin aid in temperature regulation?

Through sweat production and blood vessel dilation or constriction.

What condition can result from a deficiency in vitamin D?

Rickets.

What are sensory receptors in the skin responsible for?

Detecting touch, pressure, heat, cold, and pain.

What might changes in the skin indicate?

Signs of many diseases, including anemia and jaundice.

What causes the pink appearance of the nail body?

Underlying capillaries.

What is the keratinized outer layer of the skin?

Stratum corneum.

What layer of the skin contains blood vessels?

Dermis.

What layer of the epidermis is where dividing keratinocytes are found?

Stratum basale.

How deep can hair follicles extend into the skin?

Into the dermis.

What happens to secretion from apocrine sweat glands?

It may acquire a distinctive odor as a result of bacterial decomposition.

What is the function of the stratum lucidum?

It provides an additional layer of dead skin cells in thick skin.

Describe the process of keratinization.

The formation of keratin in keratinocytes which makes the skin waterproof.