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Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross that examines the inheritance of a single trait from parents to offspring using a Punnett square.

Monohybrid Test Cross

A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown parent's genotype.

Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross that predicts the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of offspring for two independently inherited genes.

Linked Genes

Genes located close together on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.

Independent Assortment

The random orientation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis, leading to new allele combinations.

Pedigrees

Visual representations of how traits are passed down through multiple generations, used to analyze patterns of inheritance.

Sex-Linked Inheritance

Inheritance of a trait based on the sex chromosomes, where the gene responsible for the trait is located on a sex chromosome.

Genotypes

The genetic makeup of an individual, consisting of two alleles for a particular gene.

Autosomal dominant trait

A genetic trait that is expressed when only one copy of the dominant allele is present.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Pedigree charts

Diagrams that show the inheritance of a trait over multiple generations within a family.

X-linked inheritance

The inheritance of genes located on the X chromosome, which can show specific patterns of inheritance.