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60-70% seminal vesicle fluid does what?
transport medium that provides nutrients
20-30% prostatic fluid does what?
acidic fluid responsible for coag and liquefaction
5% spermatozoa
highly specialized cells that fertilize eggs
5% bulbourethral fluid does what?
provides alkalinity
Yellow seminal fluid could mean?
urine contamination, prolonged abstinence
Red seminal fluid indicates the presence of:
RBCs
What color is normal seminal fluid?
gray-white
Milky white seminal fluid indicates:
infection
What are 2 methods that would aid in IDing WBCs in seminal fluid?
leukocyte esterase test and peroxidase staining
normal pH of seminal fluid
7.2-8.0
What pH of seminal fluid would indicate infection?
8.4
A low pH (6.4) of seminal fluid could mean what?
inc prostatic fluid, obstruction, underdeveloped seminal vesicles
What does a count of 11,000,000 sperm/mL indicate?
borderline infertility
When would we want to perform a vitality stain for seminal fluid?
if there is no movement during the motility test
What is the name of the sperm vitality stain?
eosin (eosin-nigrosin)
3 distinct components of sperm
head, midpiece, tail
WBCs and spermatids in seminal fluid are referred to as:
round cells
regarding seminal fluid, agglutination tests can be used to ID:
anti-sperm antibodies
name 4 substances to avoid when collecting vaginal fluid:
lubricants, cotton, wood, calcium alginate
Which type of vaginitis does not typically present w/ inc WBCs?
BV
Which type of vaginitis will present with clue cells?
BV
Name the bacteria typically associated w/ clue cells
Gardnerella vaginalis
Which type of vaginitis is associated w/ budding yeast cells and pseudohyphae?
candidiasis
Which types of vaginitis will present w/ a positive amine (whiff) test?
BV and trichomoniasis
A flagellated protozoan that infects the vagina
trichomonas vaginalis
what 2 abnormalities can be detected w/ a KOH prep
fishy smell and yeast
name the test that detects the adhesive glycoprotein that is in the maternal/fetal interface:
fetal fibronectin test (FFN)
What components are not normally found in fecal samples?
muscle fibers and blood
What is the formula for osmotic gap in fecal sample?
290 - [2(fecal Na+K)]
What does a gap >50 mOsm/kg indicate?
osmotic diarrhea
gap <50 mOsm/kg
secretory diarrhea
maldigestion/malabsorption is associated with:
osmotic diarrhea
endotoxin-producing bacteria is associated with:
secretory diarrhea
excess fecal fat
steatorrhea
What is steatorrhea associated with?
Cystic fibrosis and pancreatic disorders
What is the screening test most frequently used for fecal blood?
Guaiac-based occult blood test
What test distinguishes maternal from fetal hemoglobin in a fetal stool sample?
APT test
mucus/blood in the stool
constipation, dysentery
Black stool
upper GI bleed
Red stool
lower GI bleed
Pale yellow, white, gray stool
Bile duct obstruction, barium sulfate
green stool
antibiotics
bulky/frothy stool
bile duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders
ribbon-like stool
intestinal constriction