IR 5 review

60-70% seminal vesicle fluid does what?

transport medium that provides nutrients

20-30% prostatic fluid does what?

acidic fluid responsible for coag and liquefaction

5% spermatozoa

highly specialized cells that fertilize eggs

5% bulbourethral fluid does what?

provides alkalinity

Yellow seminal fluid could mean?

urine contamination, prolonged abstinence

Red seminal fluid indicates the presence of:

RBCs

What color is normal seminal fluid?

gray-white

Milky white seminal fluid indicates:

infection

What are 2 methods that would aid in IDing WBCs in seminal fluid?

leukocyte esterase test and peroxidase staining

normal pH of seminal fluid

7.2-8.0

What pH of seminal fluid would indicate infection?

8.4

A low pH (6.4) of seminal fluid could mean what?

inc prostatic fluid, obstruction, underdeveloped seminal vesicles

What does a count of 11,000,000 sperm/mL indicate?

borderline infertility

When would we want to perform a vitality stain for seminal fluid?

if there is no movement during the motility test

What is the name of the sperm vitality stain?

eosin (eosin-nigrosin)

3 distinct components of sperm

head, midpiece, tail

WBCs and spermatids in seminal fluid are referred to as:

round cells

regarding seminal fluid, agglutination tests can be used to ID:

anti-sperm antibodies

name 4 substances to avoid when collecting vaginal fluid:

lubricants, cotton, wood, calcium alginate

Which type of vaginitis does not typically present w/ inc WBCs?

BV

Which type of vaginitis will present with clue cells?

BV

Name the bacteria typically associated w/ clue cells

Gardnerella vaginalis

Which type of vaginitis is associated w/ budding yeast cells and pseudohyphae?

candidiasis

Which types of vaginitis will present w/ a positive amine (whiff) test?

BV and trichomoniasis

A flagellated protozoan that infects the vagina

trichomonas vaginalis

what 2 abnormalities can be detected w/ a KOH prep

fishy smell and yeast

name the test that detects the adhesive glycoprotein that is in the maternal/fetal interface:

fetal fibronectin test (FFN)

What components are not normally found in fecal samples?

muscle fibers and blood

What is the formula for osmotic gap in fecal sample?

290 - [2(fecal Na+K)]

What does a gap >50 mOsm/kg indicate?

osmotic diarrhea

gap <50 mOsm/kg

secretory diarrhea

maldigestion/malabsorption is associated with:

osmotic diarrhea

endotoxin-producing bacteria is associated with:

secretory diarrhea

excess fecal fat

steatorrhea

What is steatorrhea associated with?

Cystic fibrosis and pancreatic disorders

What is the screening test most frequently used for fecal blood?

Guaiac-based occult blood test

What test distinguishes maternal from fetal hemoglobin in a fetal stool sample?

APT test

mucus/blood in the stool

constipation, dysentery

Black stool

upper GI bleed

Red stool

lower GI bleed

Pale yellow, white, gray stool

Bile duct obstruction, barium sulfate

green stool

antibiotics

bulky/frothy stool

bile duct obstruction, pancreatic disorders

ribbon-like stool

intestinal constriction