Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 1-Nurs 6501 Walden University QUESTIONS WITH 100% Accurate solutions +Rationales
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25 Terms
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
Answer: Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?
Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of:
Answer: Gene imprinting
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene
Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in:
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases?
Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair.
Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:
Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response?
Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
Answer: Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis?
Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:
Answer: Plasma proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport?
Answer: Symport
0 out of 1 points
A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart?
Answer: Cri du chat syndrome
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
Answer: Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium