Government Midterm

Legitimate Authority

Authority from the people you influcence

The Constitution

WHAT IS THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF LEGITIMATE AUTHORITY FOR THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT?

Unitary

One national government system

Federal

Powers shared by both state and national systems

Confederal

All power held by state governments

Unitary- Most countries don’t need a federal system because of small size

WHICH POWER DO MOST COUNTRIES HAVE TODAY? WHY?

Federal

Which type of government does the U.S. have?

Confederate States of America and Articles of Confederation

TWO EXAMPLES OF CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT FROM U.S. HISTORY?

Federalism

Levels of government, vertical in nature (National, state, local)

Separation of Powers

Branches, horizontal in nature (Legislative, executive, judicial)

Totalitarian

Democracy

Rule by the people

Direct Democracy

All people participate in All decisions

Indiect democracy

Rule through representatives

Centralized Democracy

Few people making decisions in the best interests of people

Tyranny of the Majority

The interest of people in the minority will not be protected an the majority will overrule the minority.

-Republican

-Democracy

-Federal

-Confederate

-National

Which of the following terms was least acceptable to the Framers at the Constitutional Convention?

Referendums and Initiatives

Examples of direct democracy?

Referendum

The legislative body is referring the vote to the people on their own, they decide

Initiative

The people take initiative through a petition for the people to vote on.

Federal Republic

WHAT ARE THE TWO WORDS THAT BEST DESCRIBE THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AS ENVISIONED BY THE FRAMERS WHEN RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION IN 1787/1788?

Political Culture

The process by which society makes decisions (based on the constitution)

Political Ideology

What out belief is in how our government can solve issues.

Moderate

What Ideological label do most people fall under today?

Political socialization

How we pass culture and ideology from one generation to the next

Political Efficacy

Belief that your participation can influcence government

Mercantilism

Economic philosophy to create raw materials in the market. (helped open up new markets, and was a source of raw materials)

Salutary Neglect

Making a law but not enforcing it

1. Population

2. Clear boundaries

3. Government

4. Sovereignty

5. Recognition

What are the five characteristics of a nation?

2nd continental congress

Editor of the Declaration of Independence

Keep

It

Super

Simple

We like to keep things super simple

THE “KISS” METHOD OF CREATING A GOVERNMENT—WHY?

We are dealing with war issues, we must get all states on board

HOW ARE WE A “GOVERNMENT OF NECESSITY” MORE THAN A “GOVERNMENT OF REASONING”?

Format of the Articles of Confederation

One branch, one house (unicameral), one vote per state, 9/13 to pass law 13/13 to ratify amendment. (Supermajorities to accomplish anything)

John Dickinson

The author of the articles of confederation

September 17, 1787

When was the Constitution signed?

July 4, 1776

Declaration of Independence signed

Presidential Democracy

Executive and legislative are separate

Parliamentary Democracy

Not only makes, but enforces laws (Both Executive and legislative branches are combined)

Monarchy

Hereditary, passed from person to person

Dictatorship

Power that comes from a political party

The Atlantic Ocean (3,000 miles)

What is the biggest reason for salutary neglect?

-Most American colonies were created to avoid religious persecution

-British autocracy preferred not to know what was going on in a backward barbaric colonial life

Why is there salutary neglect?

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independece

Constitution Convention

Author of the Constitution

Gouveneur Morris

Editor of the Constitution

1. The Preamble

2. Justification for declaring independence

3. List of grievances

What are the 3 parts to The Constitution?

Shay’s Rebellion

A rebellion by the Framers due to unfair treatment of taxes

Authority of the Convention

To “revise” the articles

Quorum

7 states need to be present to conduct official business

74

Elected people

55

People will be elected

39

Will sign (38 delegates)

Plural Executive

3 president are necessary

Singular

Want to avoid looking life a monarchy

7 years

How long is a “limited” presidential term?

4 years

How long is an “unlimited” monarchy?

Alexander Hamilton

Who advocates for the “lifetime” term of the presidency.

Qualified Negative

2/3 override: The President can veto with qualification)

95%

How much of the time does the presidential veto stand?

5%

How much of the time does Congress have override power?

Virginia Plan

(Edmund Randolph) A plan based on population to overtake larger states

New Jersey Plan

(William Patterson) A plan that is based on the equality of states in which each state has one vote, regardless of population size.

House of Representatives

-Based on population

-Makes big states happy

-Required a “Representation”

Senate

-Representation based on the equality of states

-Two per state

-Only unamendable item in the constitution

September 17, 1787

Date the Declaration of Independence was signed

George Mason, Edmund Randolph, Elbridge Gerry

Who were the “dissenters?”

Federalists

These people supported the constitution

Anti-federalists

These people opposed the constitution

85

How many federalist papers are there?

Principles of the Constitution

-Popular Sovereignty-People vote

-Limited government-You limit what the government can and can’t do

-Republicanism- People rule through representatives

-Separation of powers- Branches- each branch representing a function of government (balance power)

-Federalism- *Levels (National+State+Local governments sharing power)

-Bicameralism (Two Houses)-Both houses must pass laws (Framer’s want Congress to dominat)

-Checks+Balances-Negate another action of government, (No branch rules over another)

-Legislative-Makes Laws-Congress

-Executive- Enforces laws-President

-Judicial-Interprets laws- Supreme Court

What are the three branches of government and their functions?

What to a slave is the fourth of July?

Frederick Douglass speech?

Firm League of Friendship

Within the preamble of the Articles of Confederation, the states are referred to as a _______.

2nd American Revolution

The Constitutional Convention: “Revising”, articles, changed states to 13/13 states to 9/13 to ratify a law

Committee of the Whole

What was used when no quorum “informal”

Susie Wiles

Cheif of Staff

Pam Bondi

Attorney General

Russel Vought

Director of the Office of Management

Scott Bessent

Secretary of the Treasury

Marco Rubio

Secretary of State

John Roberts

Chief Justice

Nathaniel Gorham

Chairman of the Committee of the Whole

Article 1 Section 8

Congress has the power to declare war, (Can declare war even if the president doesn’t want to get involved)

Express Powers

Powers specifically stated

Implied Power

Interpreted reasonably from what is in Constitution

Rank and File member

Average congressmen without leadership position.

Open Rules

Open the floor to amendments, allow amendments to be added to floor

Closed Rules

Close the floor to amendments, not allowing amendments to be added to the floor

Logrolling

Trading votes

Roll Calling

Calling name out and saying yes

Voice vote

A vote where those in favor say yay, those not in favor say neighto express their support or opposition.

Standing Votes

Those in favor stand, those opposed stand

Prop 50

On the ballot voted by people in State of California; Allow legislature to redistrict in the state of California

PA Supreme Court

Candidates run partisan elections for 10 years.

Democrats

Who won the majority of elections in NYC, California, NJ

WHIPS

Assistant floor leader (count votes prior to floor votes being taken)

Sine Die

Means without day, the last legislative day of the term, the day the filibuster is most effective

Pro forma session

Inform only, they are not in session, fake session

Recess Appointment

Congress tries to appoint without a senate approval

17th Amendment

Changes senate elections to a popular vote