3.12 (not assigned) Movement in the Early Republic

Northwest Ordinance, Indian Intercourse Act, Battle of Fallen Timbers, Daniel Boone, cotton gin, Eli Whitney

Northwest Ordinance

• enacted under Articles of Confederation

• planned for sale of government land, orderly adoption of Western territory into new states, and public education

• outlawed slavery in new western territory

Native Americans in the 18th century

• Indian Intercourse Act (1790) - act placing federal (not state) government in control of all legal action with Native Americans (purchasing land, regulating trade, traveling over land), most laws were ignored by settlers

• Battle of Fallen Timbers - U.S. government defended settlers in violent disputes over Northwest Territory against a confederation of Native Americans

• some Native Americans chose to migrate in response to colonial forces, foreign diseases, and destruction of hunting grounds

population increase

• European immigration, continued importing of slaves, high birth rate

• Daniel Boone - one of the many men who led the westward movement and established early White settlements in the old northwest

slavery

• many people opposed slavery for religious reasons, Enlightenment ideals of equality and liberty, and democracy, hoping slavery would be replaced by cheap immigrant labor

• cotton gin - device for separating cotton from seeds, making cotton extremely profitable and causing the demand for slaves to increase after 1793, invented by Eli Whitney

  • Samuel Slater and mechanization of the textile industry

  • plantation owners faced resistance in desire for lands in the northwest for cotton plantations

• interregional slave trade - transfer of slaves from Chesapeake area to cotton planters due to heavy demand for slaves in the south