Enzymes; cofactors, coenzymes and prosthetic groups (4.4)
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13 Terms
1
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why is controlling the activity of enzymes important
the different steps in reaction pathways are controlled by different enzymes
controlling the activity of enzymes at crucial points in these pathways regulates the rate and quantity of product formation
controlling the activity of enzymes at crucial points in these pathways regulates the rate and quantity of product formation
2
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how can enzymes be activated or inactivated
enzymes can be activated by cofactors and inactivated with inhibitors
3
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what are inorganic cofactors
cofactors can be inorganic molecules or ions
they help the enxyme and subsrate bind together but do not directly participate in the reaction
they are not used up or changed in any way
they help the enxyme and subsrate bind together but do not directly participate in the reaction
they are not used up or changed in any way
4
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what is the inorganic cofactor for amylase enzyme
chloride ions (Cl-)
5
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what are organic cofactors (coenzymes)
participate in the reaction and are changed it
often act as carriers moving chemical groups between enzymes
they are continually recycled during the process
vitamins are a source of coenzymes
often act as carriers moving chemical groups between enzymes
they are continually recycled during the process
vitamins are a source of coenzymes
6
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what are prosthetic groups
a cofactor that is tightly bound to an enzyme
7
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what is the prosthetic group for carbonic anhydrase
Zn2+
8
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what are competitive inhibitors
they have similar shape to the substrates
they bind to the active site but no reaction takes places, instead the active site is blocked
they bind to the active site but no reaction takes places, instead the active site is blocked
9
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what are non-competitive inhibitors
bind to a site other than the active site(alloste site)
causes the active site to change shape sot that substrate molecules can no longer fit
causes the active site to change shape sot that substrate molecules can no longer fit
10
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what is reversible inhibition
weaker hydrogen bonds or weak ionic bonds
the inhibitor can be removed
the inhibitor can be removed
11
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what is non-reversible inhibition
strong covalent bonds
the inhibitor cannot be removed easily
the inhibitor cannot be removed easily
12
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what are metabolic poisons
interfere with metabolic reactions in cells
13
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what are some drugs
some medical drugs are enzyme inhibitors
Note 
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