American History II. – Unit III – Fifth Quiz

Dawes Act

1887 Act by Congress which resulted in the breaking up of land on reservations and offering 160 acres to public land to every Native American head of the family.

Sitting Bull

Leader of the Sioux, who defeated George Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn.

Chief Joseph

Leader of the Nez Perce Indians who tried to escape with some of his tribe to Canada before being captured

Wounded Knee

Famous "battle" where hundreds of Sioux women and children with only a few warriors were slaughter in December of 1890.

Oklahoma

Territory which had originally been set aside for Native Americans who were removed from east of the Mississippi River. This land was opened up to white settlers in 1889.

Ghost Dance

A spiritual dance among several Indian tribes, especially the Sioux which was supposed to hasten the "Day of Judgment" and bring back the dead.

AIM

The acronym of the Native American organization created during the 1960s emphasizing Indians' rights to control their own affairs. They established armed patrols to protect Indians from harassment by the police. This group continues to work for recognitions an enforcement of Native American rights.

Phyllis Schlafly

Founder of the Eagle Forum, who opposed feminists' objectives, because she felt they threatened the traditional roles of women.

NOW

Most prominent feminist organization created in 1960s to work for equal rights for women.

Jeanette Rankin

First woman to be elected to the House of Representatives in 1916. She would vote against America's declarations of War in both WWI and WWII.

Nineteenth Amendment

Constitutional Amendment ratified in 1920 which recognized women's right to vote.

Betty Friedan

Author of Feminine Mystique and first president of NOW.

ERA

Acronym for Constitutional Amendment first proposed in 1923, and passed by 2/3 vote in Congress in 1972 which called for equality under the law regardless of sex. Failed to get necessary votes (needed 38 out of 50) from the states and has been reintroduced into every Congress since.

Susan B. Anthony

Most prominent feminist who worked for women's suffrage in the late 19th century and would die before the constitutional amendment recognizing that right would be passed and named in her honor. During the 2016 Presidential Election, thousands of women came from all over America to put their "I voted" sticker on her grave.

Seneca Falls Convention

First national meeting for women held in 1848, organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and they adopted the "Declaration of Sentiments", a document which paralleled the Declaration of Independence.

Alice Paul

Feminist born in 1885, who created the National Women's Party, to be more aggressive in getting President Wilson to support women's suffrage. She helped stage marches and protest at the White House. She would be arrested and force fed and made to endure numerous assaults. She would be the author of the first Equal Rights Amendment introduced into Congress in 1923.

"Jim Crow" Laws

Laws that required public facilities and places of public accommodation, including those privately owned and operated, to be segregated by race

NAACP

Organization created in 1909 which worked slowly but steadily for equal rights for African-Americans, mainly using legal strategy, by filing and winning one lawsuit after another in the federal courts.

Fourteenth Amendment

Amendment ratified in 1868 which insured citizenship to African-Americans

Dred Scott v. Sanford

1857 Supreme Court decision where Court ruled African-Americans were not citizens

Thirteenth Amendment

Amendment passed in 1865 which abolished slavery.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896 Supreme Court case, where the Court upheld segregation using the doctrine of "separate but equal".

Fifteenth Amendment

Amendment passed in 1870 which recognized the right to vote to black males.

KKK

Terrorist organization created during Reconstruction (and would resurface in the 1920s, 1950s, and 1980s) who would use violent tactics of burning, whipping and lynching to try and insure white supremacy.

Ida B. Wells

Born in 1862, this woman was an anti-lynching crusader, suffragist, women's rights advocate and journalist. In1892 she begins her anti-lynching campaign with the publication of Southern Horrors: Lynch Law and in All Its Phases