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Adren/o
Adrenal glands
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
Parathyroid/o
Parathyroid glands
Pineal/o
Pineal gland
Pituit/o, pituitar/o
Pituitary gland
Thym/o
Thymus
Thyr/o, thyroid/o
Thyroid gland
Gonad/o
Gonads
Primary function of the endocrine system
Produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis throughout the body
Hormones
Chemical substances, secreted by endocrine glands, and have specialized function functions in the body
Where are hormones secreted to and why?
The bloodstream so they are able to reach cells and organs throughout the body
What can be used to measure hormones levels?
Blood or urine tests
How many glands does the endocrine system have?
10
What do all glands produce and secrete?
Hormones
Anatomy of the pituitary gland
“master gland” which controls and regulates of their endocrine glands, Pea sized gland in the brain below the hypothalamus, has two lobes (posterior and anterior)
Physiology of pituitary gland
Secret hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproduction
What does the pituitary gland regulate?
Other glands such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads
Which hormones are secreted and produced by pituitary gland
Growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin
Growth hormone
Controls growth and development
Antidiuretic hormone
Manages water balance
Oxytocin
Supports childbirth and lactation
Pineal gland anatomy
A very small endocrine gland located in the central portion of the brain
Physiology of the pineal gland
“pineal body” influences the sleep wake cycle (circadian rhythm)
Which hormone does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
Thyroid gland anatomy
Butterfly shaped gland that lies on either side of the larynx/trachea
Physiology of thyroid gland
Regulates the bodies metabolism
Metabolism
All of the processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients
What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete and what do they do?
Thyroxine and calcitonin which influence growth and functioning of the nervous system