7.13 Endocrine System

Adren/o

Adrenal glands

Pancreat/o

Pancreas

Parathyroid/o

Parathyroid glands

Pineal/o

Pineal gland

Pituit/o, pituitar/o

Pituitary gland

Thym/o

Thymus

Thyr/o, thyroid/o

Thyroid gland

Gonad/o

Gonads

Primary function of the endocrine system

Produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis throughout the body

Hormones

Chemical substances, secreted by endocrine glands, and have specialized function functions in the body

Where are hormones secreted to and why?

The bloodstream so they are able to reach cells and organs throughout the body

What can be used to measure hormones levels?

Blood or urine tests

How many glands does the endocrine system have?

10

What do all glands produce and secrete?

Hormones

Anatomy of the pituitary gland

“master gland” which controls and regulates of their endocrine glands, Pea sized gland in the brain below the hypothalamus, has two lobes (posterior and anterior)

Physiology of pituitary gland

Secret hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproduction

What does the pituitary gland regulate?

Other glands such as the thyroid, adrenal glands, and gonads

Which hormones are secreted and produced by pituitary gland

Growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin

Growth hormone

Controls growth and development

Antidiuretic hormone

Manages water balance

Oxytocin

Supports childbirth and lactation

Pineal gland anatomy

A very small endocrine gland located in the central portion of the brain

Physiology of the pineal gland

“pineal body” influences the sleep wake cycle (circadian rhythm)

Which hormone does the pineal gland secrete?

Melatonin

Thyroid gland anatomy

Butterfly shaped gland that lies on either side of the larynx/trachea

Physiology of thyroid gland

Regulates the bodies metabolism

Metabolism

All of the processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete and what do they do?

Thyroxine and calcitonin which influence growth and functioning of the nervous system