Reproductive system , Chapter 27 Reproductive System PPT Full set

what are the functions of the reprodictive system

Production of gametes (egg, sperm) • Secretion of sex hormones • Production of offspring • Nurturing of offspring (females produce milk)

what is the primary sex organ?

gonad

Gonads produce

gametes and sex hormones

Accessory reproductive organs

ducts, glands, supporting structures

Male Reproductive System consists of:

Male gonads and accesory reproductive organs

male gonads are

testes

what do ducts do

transport, storage, maturation of sperm

glands secrete...

seminal fluids

Seminal fluid+Sperm= ?

semen

supporting structures of the accsesory reproductive organs are

penis and scrotum

3 kinds of cells are present in the Testes

spermatogenic cells, sertoli cells, leydig cells

Seminiferous tubules are made of

spermatogenic cells and sertoli cells

spermatogenic cells form

sperm cells

sertoli cells...

nourishes the spermogenic cells

what do leyding cells make?

testosterone

Ducts of the male reproductive system deliver

sperm from testes to outside the body

1. epididymus

stores and matures the sperm

2. vas deferens

stores and conducts the sperm

3. ejaculatory duct

conducts sperm

4. urethra

carries sperm and urine out of the body

Glands secrete seminal fluid into ducts during ejaculation

1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostate gland 3. Bulbourethral glands

supportive structures

penis and scrotum

What does the scrotum do?

helps regulate tempeture

Spermatogenesis

process of sperm production

where does Spermatogenesis take place?

seminiferous tubules

Diploid(2n)-

Having two sets of chromosomes

haploid (n)

Having one set of chromosomes

body cells are-

diploid

how many chromosomes do body cells have?

46 chromosomes

gametes are

haploid

how many chromosomes do gametes have

23 chromosomes

gamets+

meiosis

Spermatogenesis =

Meiosis & Spermiogenesis

Meiosis

cell division that produces haploid gametes

Meisosis

primary spermatocyte(2n)---

spermatids(n)

Spermiogenesis

physiclal changes that change to become sperm

Spermiogenesis

spermatids(n)---

sperm(n)

spermatigonium

primary speratocyte

2n

secondary spermatocyte

spermitids

n

(Male)

nucleus and acrosome are located in the...

head of sperm

The head carries

DNA

Mitochondria is located in the

midpiece

Flagella=

tail

Effects of Testosterone

Growth of repro organs• Male secondary sex characteristics• Stimulates spermatogenesis• Growth spurt• Sex drive

GNRH is made by the

hypothalamus

hypathalamul hormonally stimulates

antirior pituitary

Pituitary produces what hormones

FSH and LH

FSH targets

sertoli cells

LH

hormonally stiumilates leyding cells

sertoli cells make

ABP

ABP stores

testosterone

leyding cells produce

testosterone

ABP=

androgen binding protein

not a hormone

Female Reproductive System

femal gonads and accesory repro organs

1. Female gonads

ovaries produce eggs andsex hormones

2. Accessory repro organs:

ducts and mammory glands

ducts of the femal repro system

Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

Where does fertilization occur?

fallopian tubes

Layers of the Uterine Wall

1. Perimetrium 2. Myometrium 3. Endometrium

1. Perimetrium

covering of uterus. visceral Perimetrium

2, Myometrium

smooth muscle that contracts during labor

3, endometrium

a) stratum basalis b) stratum functionalis

lining made of mucus membrane

a) stratum basalis

perminent layer of endometrium

b) stratum functionalis

part of endometrium that changes with menstrual cycle

hormones that target functionalis

estrogen and progesteren

oxytosin and prostoglandins stimulate..

contractions in the myometrium

prolactin

milk production

ocytocin

milk ejection/release

Oogenesis

Process of egg formation

• Takes place in the ovaries

• Meiosis only

• Meiosis only

cell division

begins before baby is born

Female Reproductive Cycle consists of

2 cycles occurring at the same time

2 cycles are

The Ovarian Cycle

The Menstrual Cycle (or Uterine Cycle)

ovarian cycle

events taking place in ovaries

mestural cycle

events taking place in uterus

ovulation is the release of...

oocyte from follice

Menstrual cycle (or Uterine cycle)

events taking place in uterus

Ovulation day 14

Oocyte is released from follicle

Collapsed or ruptured follicle

corpus luteum

The Ovarian cycle

28 day cycle

Follicular phase

- Day 1-14 of cycle

- Growth of the follicle which secretes hormones

- Hormones secreted are ONLY estrogen hormones (affect menstrual cycle)

Luteal phase

- Day 15-28

- Corpus luteum secretes hormones

- Hormones secreted are estrogens and progesterone (Affect menstrual cycle)

Ovulation takes place in

mid cycle on day 14

Ovarian phases

- Follicular phase (day 1-14)

- Ovulation Phase (Day 14)

- Luteal Phase (Day 15-28)

Ovarian Cycle

Structural changes in vesicular ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum are correlated with changes in the endometrium of the uterus during the uterine cycle

Hormonal regulation of ovarian cycle

1. GnRH stimulates FSH and LH secretion

2. During Follicular phase (day 1-14)

3. During Luteal Phase (Day 15-28)

GnRH

releasing hormone released by Hypothalamus

FSH

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (Anterior Pituitary)

- stimulates follicle growth

LH

stimulates follicle to secrete estrogens

LH surge triggers

ovulation on day 13.5

LH stimulates corpus luteum to secrete

estrogen & progesterone

Follicular Day 1-14

(Ovulation Day 14)

Luteal Phase Day

Day 15-25

Fluctuation of gonadotropin levels

Fluctuating levels of pituitary gonadotropins in the blood regulate the events of the ovarian cycle

Hormones produced by ovaries

Estrogens and progesterone

Fluctuation of ovarian hormone levels

Fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones cause the endometrial changes of the uterine cycle. The high estrogen levels are also responsible for the LH/FSH surge.

The Uterine cycle

28 Day cycle

Menstrual phase

- 1-5 days

- stratum functionalis breaks down is shed in menstrual fluid

- No hormones

Proliferative phase

- 6-14 days

- stratum functionalis is rebuilt

- Estrogen

Secretory phase

- 15-28 days

- stratum functionalis thickens further, secretes glycogen (carbohydrate)

- Estrogen and progesterone

- Mature and ready to receive the egg

When is a female most fertile?

Day 14