Philosophy test

Something can be intrinsically valuable or instrumentally valuable, but not both.

False

Teleological ethics is another name for deontological ethics.

False

All consequentialists are utilitarians.

False

Teleological ethics is another name for deontological ethics.

False

The paradox of hedonism is the fact that if your only goal is to find pleasure or happiness, you are unlikely to find it.

True

According to utilitarianism, the morality of a particular action can change over time if the consequences change.

True

According to your text, the notions of justice and individual rights are the two main themes in utilitarianism.

False

Kant believed that all true ethics was based on religion.

False

Kant rejected the notion that ethics was based on human psychology.

True

According to Kant, unless doing your duty is something you enjoy, you are not acting morally.

False

Kant uses the term ‘maxim’ to refer to a general rule that guides how we act.

True

Kant says that it is impossible to treat others as both a means and an end.

False

According to Kant, every moral rule has its exceptions.

False

Kant believed it would be wrong to lie even if the lie produced good consequences.

True

Virtue ethics can be defined as that area of ethics that is concerned specifically with sexual morality.

False

According to virtue ethics, feelings and reactions are only instrumentally valuable.

False

According to virtue ethics, morality is too complex to be represented by a few simple rules.

True

Something that is valuable as a means to something else is…

Instrumentally valuable

According to utilitarianism, the following has intrinsic value:

Happiness (pleasure)

According to utilitarianism, the following has intrinsic disvalue (i.e., intrinsic negative value):

Unhappiness (pain)

According to utilitarianism, whose happiness matters?

Everyone’s happiness equally

Utilitarian ethics is a version of

Teleological (consequentialist) ethics

Immanuel Kant said that the only thing in the world that has absolute, unqualified moral value is

A good will

According to Kant, an action has moral worth if

Done from duty

According to Kant’s philosophy, the statement ‘If you want people to be good to you, you should be good to them’ is [what kind of imperative]

Hypothetical imperative

According to Kant, the basis [i.e., grounding] of the categorical imperative [and morality] is

Human reason

According to Kant’s philosophy, which one of the following commands could be universalized [would pass the 3‑part test]?

Any universalizable maxim

The second version of the categorical imperative says

Treat humanity as an end, never merely as a means

Which of the following claims made by utilitarians would Kant reject?

That consequences determine morality

The utilitarian view of the role of a virtuous character in ethics is that it

Virtue is useful for producing good consequences

In virtue ethics, the primary question in ethics is:

What kind of person should I be?

Jeremy Bentham accepted ethical egoism but rejected psychological egoism.

False

John Stuart Mill said it is better to be a satisfied fool than a philosopher such as Socrates who was dissatisfied.

False

W. D. Ross does not think prima facie duties can be ranked in terms of priority.

False

Aristotle developed an early version of virtue ethics.

True

Confucius developed an ethical theory that criticized the virtue ethics of his time.

False

In balancing your own happiness with that of another person, Mill said that you should

Be impartial

According to Jeremy Bentham, we are governed by two sovereign masters, which are

Pleasure and pain

Which one of the following was NOT included in Bentham’s hedonic calculus?

Quality of pleasure

Which of the following describes a major difference between Bentham’s and Mill’s ethics?

Mill distinguishes higher vs lower pleasures

In his article ‘Comparing Harms,’ Alastair Norcross argues that

Animal suffering matters

According to Kant, a work of art has _____________________ value, but people have _____________________ value.

Instrumental value; intrinsic value

The ancient Greek philosopher who taught virtue ethics was

Aristotle

In Michael Stocker’s story concerning Smith’s visit to the hospital, the problem with Smith’s behavior, according to virtue ethics, is that Smith

Lacks proper virtuous motivation

A prima facie duty is one that

Duty overridden by stronger duty

According to Aristotle’s theory, acquiring the moral virtues can be compared to [what kind of activity]

Practicing a skill

Aristotle says that to be a just person, it is not enough to act justly. You must also

Take pleasure in acting justly

In deciding whether or not an action is just, Kant would disagree with Aristotle on which of the following points?

Kant rejects consequences

‘The doctrine of the mean’ refers to Aristotle’s view that

Virtue is the mean

According to Aristotle, the doctrine of the mean does not apply to [which of the following situations]

Acts always wrong

What is Aristotle’s position on universal and objective moral principles?

Objective but flexible principles