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Assimilation

The encouragement for Native Americans to abandon their culture and live like white Americans

General Custer

Was a general in the Union army in the civil war, famous for losing the battle of Little Bighorn

Wounded Knee

Marked the end of the Indian wars; Massacre where 300 people died, many Indians lost traditions and homes due to this

Black Elk

Native American who witnessed battle of Little Bighorn and Wounded Knee, famous for "Black Elk Speaks" speech

Dawes Act

1887 law that broke up reservations and sold remaining land to settlers, tribes got no money

Indian Boarding School

Schools that focused on "civilizing" Native Americans (taking away their culture)

Populism

supported the farmers and laborers, believed there should be more money in circulation so farmers could pay off debt

Bimetallism

monetary system where currency was backed with both silver and gold at a fixed ratio

Gold Bug

supported only using gold for US currency

Silverite

supported using gold AND silver for US currency

William Jennings Bryan

believed in populist reforms (silverite), famous for "cross of gold" speech

Vertical Integration

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Horizontal Integration

Buying companies out and combining the former competitors under one organization

Social Darwinism

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle

Robber Barons

Industrialists who took advantage of the system to gain control over markets and gain wealth

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Tenement

a building in which multiple families lived in (much like an apartment), was often unsanitary and crowded, meant to maximize profit

Settlement House

community centers offering to provide services to immigrants and the poor

Political Machine

powerful, organized groups that control a local government with a system of corruption

Andrew Carnegie

created steel company, initiated many business practices having to do with efficiency (vertical and horizontal integration)

Angel Island

immigrants went here to pass an inspection to be a citizen, were often detained for LONG PERIODS OF TIME

Ellis Island

immigrants went here to pass an inspection to be a citizen, SHORT INSPECTION PROCESS

Chinese Exclusion Act

Limited immigration of Chinese people to a few specific jobs (students, teachers, merchants, tourists, gov officials)

Jacob Riis

was known for his photography which exposed living conditions in urban settings

Jane Addams

the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes

George Eastman

invented the Kodak camera

Plessy vs Ferguson

a case that was brought to supreme court by black lawsuits to challenge the legality of segregation, the court ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was "equal"

Tweed Ring Scandal

Boss Tweed led a scandal in defrauding New York city with a group of corrupt politicians.

Booker T Washington

believed in a gradual approach to racial equality

W.E.B. DuBois

demanded full social and economic equality for African Americans

Imperialism

Belief of acquiring territory and expanding influence of power of a country as far as possible

William Steward

early supporter of imperialism, arranged to purchase Alaska, people were skeptical of him

Queen Liloukalani

Queen of Hawaii, surrendered to the US after white foreigners planned to overthrow the monarchy

Sanford B Dole

Headed new government after Hawaii’s monarchy was ended

Yellow Journalism

Use of exaggerated media to influence consumers

Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry during the war in Cuba, lead by Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt.

Roosevelt Corollary

Added to the Monroe Doctrine that said the United State could and would use force to protect economic interests in Latin America

Philippine-American Wars

War where US ended up doing something it said it opposed (imposing authority on a colony fighting for freedom), they forced Filipinos to live in designated areas, many died 

Open Door Policy

built on three big American beliefs, growth of US economy depended on exports, US has a right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open, feared that closing of an area to American products threatened survival.

Missionary Diplomacy

the right to deny recognition to any government that is viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to the US

Panama Canal

A canal that was dug in Central America that significantly reduced sailing time from Pacific to Atlantic ocean.

Pancho Villa

Mexican Revolution leader, key figure in Mexican Revolution, US sent an expedition to catch him but never did

4 Goals of Progressivism

to protect the social welfare, to promote moral improvement, creating economic reform, foster efficiency

Initiatives

constitutional amendment brought to the ballot via petition from citizens

Recalls

The ability to remove people from office who aren’t doing their job correctly

Direct Elections

enables voters instead of political machines to choose candidates for office.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, aimed for full equality between the races

19th Amendment

guaranteed women’s right to vote

The Jungle

A book written by muckraker Upton Sinclair meant to expose horrible conditions in factories, particularly meat processing factories.

Pure Food and Drug Act

Act that halted sale of contaminated foods and medicines, and called for truthful labeling

Muckraker

A person who exposes the conditions of other places via journalism or photography

Federal Reserve Act

divided nation into 12 districts and established a regional central bank in each one. they could create paper currency in emergency situations

Alice Paul

Formed the Congressional Unit and pressured the federal government to pass the 19th amendment.