history exam

For what reason were English colonies set up in North America?

Financial Gains

How was the Mayflower Compact an important precedent for later colonial government?

Established a policy of rule by the will of the majority

What was the first representative government in the colonies?

VA House of Burgesses

Anna Hutchinson and Roger Williams helped establish what principle?

Freedom of Religion

Identify indentured servant.

Worked for a specific number of years in exchange for passage to America

What line was established to stop colonial establishment west of the Appalachians?

Proclamation of 1763

Who led a rebellion of farmers against the Virginia government?

Nathaniel Bacon

What was the movement where people were going to rededicate themselves to Christianity?

Great Awakening

What colony was established as a refuge for the Catholics?

Maryland

James Oglethorpe founded what colony as a refuge for prisoners and debtors?

Georgia

Identify the Triangular Trade.

Exchange of rum, molasses, and slaves for manufactured products between the colonies, West Indies, and Africa.

What did the pamphlet Common Sense urge Americans to do?

Declare their independence

Who was accused of being a tyrant in the Declaration of Independence and Common Sense?

George III

What was the significance of the Battle of Saratoga?

Led to an alliance between America and France

According to the Declaration of Independence, governmental power should be based on what?

Consent of the people

Identify Committees of Corres\`7pondence.

Creating greater unity in the colonies by spreading propaganda

What British philosopher influenced Thomas Jefferson?

John Locke

Who said: "Give me liberty or give me death," and to what does it refer?

Patrick Henry's speech against Parliament's taxation policies

Why were the Articles of Confederation not successful?

Not enough power was given to the central government

Shay's Rebellion directly resulted in what?

A convention in Pennsylvania to revise the Articles of Confederation

What was the main purpose of the Federalist Papers?

Encourage support for ratification of the Constitution

In line with the framers' beliefs in balancing one interest against another, they created what system?

Three branches of government with a system of checks and balances

Why did Anti-Federalists not want to ratify the Constitution?

Thought too much power given to central government

Which two men are credited with starting the political parties?

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton

What did the Whiskey Rebellion establish?

Federal government could enforce laws within states

Why was Thomas Jefferson worried about the Louisiana Territory Purchase?

US Constitution said nothing about buying land

What were two long lasting precedents set by President Washington?

Two term presidency and neutrality in foreign affairs

Identify the Louisiana Purchase.

Identify the Louisiana Purchase.

Identify the XYZ Affair

France tried to collect a bribe from the US to speak to the French foreign minister

What was the result of Hamilton's financial program?

Put the government on sound footing and laid the foundation for strong economic development

What group benefited from the Tariff of 1816?

Manufacturers

What invention brought about a sharp increase in the number of slaves?

Cotton Gin

Identify The Trail of Tears.

Forced relocation of the Cherokee nation to Oklahoma

What was the temperance movement?

Restrict the consumption of alcohol

Identify slave codes.

Tightened controls of African Americans

As a result of President Jackson's policy, what happened to most Native Americans?

They were forced to give up their land

What was established in McCulloch v. Maryland?

Broadly interpreted the Constitution to expand federal power

Identify empresario.

Land Agents in Texas

What does the term "forty-niners" refer to?

California gold miners

Why did southerners support the annexation of Texas?

Another territory where slavery had been established

What geographical feature lies at the end of the Mormon Trail?

Great Salt Lake Desert

Define Manifest Destiny.

Expectation that the US would expand to the Pacific Coast and into Mexico

What land grant was given to the US in the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?

Mexican Cession

Which state came in as a free state in the Compromise of 1850?

California

What book about slavery increased hostilities between the North and South?

Uncle Tom's Cabin

What political party wanted to keep slavery out of the western territories before the Civil War?

Republican Party

What event involving John Brown heightened tension between the S and N?

Raid on Harpers Ferry

Who was deemed not a U.S. citizen when his case went to the Supreme Court?

Dred Scott

Which state was the first to secede?

South Carolina

Who was beaten in the Senate after speaking about "The Crime Against Kansas?"

Charles Summer

What did southern states say gave them the right to secede?

States' Rights

Why is Gettysburg considered a turning point battle?

Crippled the Confederate forces so badly that they never again invaded a Northern state

What finally made slavery illegal?

13th Amendment

What new group of soldiers brought an anti-slavery dimension to the Union cause?

African-Americans

Identify Copperheads.

Northern Democrats who opposed the Union War effort

Who was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation?

Enslaved people living in rebelling areas against the Union

What right did Lincoln suspend during the Civil War?

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Summarize Abraham Lincoln's approach to reconstruction

Relatively easy for the South to rejoin Union

Why did Ulysses S. Grant lose his popularity with voters?

Scandals during his presidency

In an effort to remove Johnson from office, the House charged him with violating what?

Tenure of Office Act

Why did southern states pass the black codes?

Restrict freedom of African Americans

Who did the Radical Republicans believe should be in charge of Reconstruction?

Legislative branch of the federal government

How did the Ku Klux Klan affect the South during Reconstruction?

Reversed reconstruction in the South

What pair of railroad companies built the first transcontinental railroad?

Central Pacific and Union Pacific

Identify collective bargaining.

Negotiating to win worker's rights

What industry utilized standardized time that created time zones?

Railroad companies

What made skyscrapers possible to construct in the late 1800's?

New methods of making steel

What two groups of immigrants did the most to build the transcontinental railroad?

Irish and Chinese

What type of business organization did Carnegie own when he owned every aspect of the steelmaking industry?

Vertical Integration

What did Congress pass in 1890 to stop the growth of monopolies?

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

How long were farmers under the Homestead Act required to work the land?

Five years

Who gave the "Cross of Gold" speech?

William Jennings Bryan

What was the political goal of the Grangers?

Regulate railway rates and grain-storage fees through state laws

What 1896 Supreme Court case upheld segregation?

Plessy v. Ferguson

What name did Theodore Roosevelt call reporters who informed the public about the need for reform?

Muckrakers

Who helped found the NAACP?

W.E.B. Dubois

What was established to bring about financial reform to the US?

Federal Reserve System

Identify The Jungle.

Upton Sinclair wrote to expose unsanitary conditions in meat packing industry

Identify the 19th Amendment.

Women's Suffrage

What political party was started because Roosevelt was upset with Taft?

Bull Moose Party

Identify the Anti-Defamation League.

Defended Jewish Americans from verbal attacks and false statements

Who organized "The Roughriders"?

Theodore Roosevelt

What did TR add on the Monroe Doctrine?

Roosevelt Corollary

How did the US gain control of the land used to build the Panama Canal?

Encouraging and supporting Panamanian independence

Identify the Open Door Policy.

Designed as a way for the US to further its trade interests

Identify Yellow Journalism.

Sensationalized style of writing that exaggerates the news to readers

What is considered the immediate cause of WWI?

Assassination of the heir to the Austrian- Hungarian throne

What was a major factor in the US decision to enter WWI?

Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare

How did most women contribute to the war effort?

Volunteered as nurses

How did the US help finance WWI?

Liberty bonds

**Identify self-determination. of four new nations in the Balkans after WWI**

Identify self-determination.

Creation of four new nations in the Balkans after WWI

What role did the government play in the economy during WWI?

Government regulated industrial protection of war goods

What slogan allowed Wilson to be re-elected?

"He kept us out of war"

Why did many Senators oppose the treaty which ended WWI?

They did not want to join the League of Nations

What did most investors do in October of 1929?