Arthropods

Crustacea (copepods)

gill breathing arthropods of fresh and salt water that act as endoparaites

Which parasites are copepods vectors/IH for?

Diphyllobothrium latum and dracunculus medinensis

Where are copepods mainly distributed?

NYC

Decapods are

crabs/crayfish that are the 2nd IH for Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke)

What are pentastomida?

tongue worms; blood sucking endoparasites of reptiles, birds, and mammals

Which arthropod has a digestive and reproductive system, but no circulatory and respiratory system?

Pentastomida (tongue worms)

How is Armillifer armillatus transmitted?

through ingestion of eggs

What syndrome does Armillifer armillatus cause?

Halzoun sydndrome

What is halzoun syndrome and what does it cause?

attachment of the adult pentasome to nasopharyngeal tissue and it causes pharyngeal discomfort and paroxysmal coughing/sneezing which leads to dysphagia

What are mites?

small, eight legged arthropods with no antennae and are free living or associated with birds/rodents; causes dermatitis in humans

What is Sarcoptes scabiei and what does it cause?

human itch mite; it’s an obligate parasite with a direct life cycle and it causes scabies/mange

When adult mites enter the skin, what is created for females to lay their eggs?

serpiginous burrows

How is sarcoptes scabiei transmitted?

direct contact (sexual, sharing clothing, etc.)

During the larvae stage of sarcoptes scabiei, how any pairs of legs do they have?

3 pair of legs

After molting, how many pairs of legs do the nymphs of sarcoptes scabiei have?

4 pairs of legs

What clinical disease can Sarcoptes scabiei cause?

intense pruritus leads to exocoriation and secondary bacterial infections

How is human itch mite diagnosed?

mite in skin scrapings

Which arthropod parasitizes the hair follicle of the face and is an obligate parasite?

Demodex folliculorum (human follicle mites)

Which species of chigger mites live in North America?

Eutrombicula alfreddugesi and Eutrombicula splendens

Which species of chigger mites live in Europe?

Trombicula autumnalis (causes severe dermatitis in humans)

Which species of chigger mites live in Asia, Australia, and western Pacific Rim?

Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Where do chigger mites infest?

grass and bushes

What are ticks?

bloodsucking ectoparasites that are opportunistic parasites of many vertebrates, including humans

Name the 4 stage life cycle of ticks:

egg, larva, nymph, adult

What is used as an identifying characteristic to determine tick life stage, species, and sex?

the scutum/shield

Describe soft ticks:

they have a leathery body, lack a hard dorsal scutum, mouthparts are located ventrally, and complete engorgement in a matter of minutes to a few hours

Describe hard ticks:

they have a hard dorsal plate, mouthparts are clearly visible, and they feed slowly taking (7-9) days

How many legs do larvae ticks have?

6 legs

How many legs do adult and nymph ticks have?

8 legs

Dermacentor variabilis

American Dog tick

Who are the DH and IH for Dermacentor variabilis?

dogs/rabbits

What diseases are caused by Dermacentor variabilis?

tularemia, rocky mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis

Which tick saliva contains a neurotoxin that can occasionally cause tick paralysis in humans and pets

Dermacentor andersoni (rocky mountain wood tick)

The Dermacentor andersoni tick usually takes…

two or three years to complete their life cycle

Who is the DH and IH of Ixodes scapularis?

dog/rabbits

What diseases can Ixodes scapularis cause?

lyme disease and babesiosis

Ixodes scapularis

blacklegged or dog tick

Rhipicephalus sanguineus

brown dog tick

Who are the DH and IH of Rhipicephalus sanguineus?

dogs/rabbits

What disease does Rhipicephalus sanguineus cause?

rocky mountain spotted fever

Amblyomma maculatum

gulf coast tick

What disease is Amblyomma maculatum responsible for?

rickettsia parkeri

Amblyomma americanum

lone star tick

What is the DH/IH of Amblyomma americanum?

cats

What diseases is Amblyomma americanum responsible for?

tularemia and alpha-gal syndrome

What can Amblyomma americanum also cause?

can cause you to develop antibodies to the animal the tick feeds on before it feeds on you

Ixodes pacificus

western black-legged tick

What diseases is Ixodes pacificus (western black legged tick) responsible for?

lyme disease and anaplasmosis

What is myiasis?

a disease produced by maggots living parasitically in human tissue

The Dermatobia hominis adult botfly attaches eggs where?

to the abdomen of blood sucking flies/mosquitoes

During the larval development of Dermatobia hominis what happens?

the host develops painful lesions

Attachment of an adult pentasome to nasopharyngeal tissue can lead to which disease?

Armillifer armillatus

Rickettsia parkeri is spread by which species of tick?

Amblyomma maculatum

Scabies is a result of which parasitic arthropod?

Sarcoptes scabiei

Which stage of the tick life cycle typically bites humans?

the adult ticks