Science Year 7 mixtures and matter

Dissolve

When one substance completely disappears into another substance (most likely a liquid) to form a solution, and the molecules stay mixed together without separating

Solute

A substance that is dissolved by a solvent, to form a solution

Solvent

In a solution, the substance in which the solute dissolves.

Water

A solvent that most commonly dissolves other substances.

Aqueous

dissolved in water

Insoluble

Describes a substance that cannot be dissolved in a given solvent

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

Soluble

capable of being dissolved

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

Heterogeneous

Composed of unlike parts, different, diverse that can be seen

Homogenous

cannot be seen, looks consistent

Substance

A single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of properties.

concentrated solution

a solution containing a large amount of solute

dilute solution

a solution that contains a small amount of solute

suspension

A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration, that settles to the bottom

Colliod

A mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out, that cannot be separated easily, and never settle to the bottom

decanting

Pouring liquid off the top when sediment has settled to the bottom of the container

filtrate

liquid that has passed through a filter

residue

the solid that does not pass through a filter

sediment

a residue that settles in the bottom of something

separation

Separating 2 or more substances

funnel

For pouring liquid or other substance through a small opening

Filter paper

special paper used to separate solids from liquids

filtration

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.

disinfection

A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores, from inanimate objects

water purification

Any process used to produce safe drinking water by removing contaminants

chemical mixtures

Mixtures that are not pure and are chemically reacted together

pure substance

a pure substance is not mixed in with any other substance

How do you know that something is a mixture?

You can tell that something is a mixture if it contains two or more substances that are not chemically combined.

sediment

Insoluble particles settled to the bottom

What is the difference between a suspension and a colloid?

A suspension is a mixture in which particles settle over time, while a colloid is a mixture in which particles remain evenly distributed and do not settle.

dissolve

Process of a solid substance mixing into a liquid to form a homogeneous solution.

saturated solution

A solution that has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature and pressure. No more solute can be dissolved without increasing the temperature or pressure.

Filtering

The process of separating solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter medium that retains the particles and allows the remaining fluid to pass through.

Chromatography

Separation technique that separates components of a mixture based on their different interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase. Which then separates the part of mixtures. It is mainly used for coloured liquids, or just liquids with different densities

Evaporation

Heating a solution, or allowing it to stand in the sun until the liquid evaporates, leaving solid behind. Solute from Solvent.

Centrifuging

Centrifuging is a process of separating substances based on their ____________ using a centrifuge machine.

Atoms

What are the fundamental units of matter? They are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. They are extremely small and make up everything we see in the world around us. What are they? They are atoms!

Molecules

What are the smallest units of matter that retain the chemical properties of an element and can combine with other atoms to form compounds? Molecules!

particles

Tiny units of matter that make up everything around us, including atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. They are constantly moving and interacting with each other, and their behavior determines the physical and chemical properties of the substances they compose.

Chemical bonds

The attractive forces that hold atoms together in a molecule. Covalent bonds share electrons, ionic bonds transfer electrons, and metallic bonds have a sea of electrons.

Composition

 The kinds and numbers of atoms constituting a molecule

Elements

Pure substances made of identical atoms.

Compounds

Pure substances made of identical molecules.