thompson chemistry topic 3 test

Allotropes

are different forms of the same element, which can differ in their molecular formulas or crystal structures

different molecular structures and different properties

The two forms of oxygen O2 and 03 have

Oxygen

exists as O2 and O3

O2

oxygen we breathe (lighter)

O3

ozone layer (heavier)

Carbon

Allotropes include diamond (hard, tetrahedral), graphite (soft, layered structure), and coal (amorphous)

crystal structures

Two forms of solid carbon, diamond and graphite, differ in their physical properties due to differences in their

Phosphorus

Exists as white, red, and black forms based on different molecular arrangements

Arsenic

gray yellow allotropes with gray having higher density

Diatomic Molecules

consists of two atoms which can be of the same element or different elements

Iodine, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Bromine, Oxygen, Chlorine, Fluorine

What are the diatomic elements?

Have no fear of ice cold beer

What is a way we could remember the diatomic elements?

Periods

indicate the principal energy levels of the electrons <—>

Groups

elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valance electrons ^

Metals

to the left of the zig zag line, characterized by properties like malleability (sheets), good conductors of heat and electricity, luster, and are ductile.

Nonmetals

found to the right of the zig zag line, with properties such as brittleness, poor conductivity and no luster in the solid state

Solid

What is iodine?

Gas

What is hydrogen?

Gas

What is nitrogen?

liquid

What is bromine?

gas

What is oxygen?

gas

What is chlorine?

gas

What is fluorine?

Metalloids

exhibit properties of both metal and nonmetals

Al and Po

What are the only two elements that touch the zig zag line that aren't metalloids?

Noble gases

stable and nonreactive due to full valance electrons shells

18

What group can noble gases be found?

1

What group can alkali metals be found?

2

What group can alkaline earth metals be found?

17

What group can halogens be found?

3-12

What groups can transition metals be found?

transition metals

What kind of metals can form colored solution?

valance electrons

the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, determine how an atom will bond

Lewis Dot Diagram

represent valence electrons as dots around the chemical symbol of the element

8

How many valence electrons does an atom aim to have for stability?

octet rule

states that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons