Cell Cycle and Molecular Biology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture regarding cell division, DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

What happens in G1 phase of the cell cycle?

The cell grows and performs normal functions.

What happens in S phase of the cell cycle?

DNA is replicated.

What happens in G2 phase of the cell cycle?

The cell prepares for division and grows more.

What type of reproduction is associated with mitosis?

Asexual reproduction.

What are the results of mitosis?

Two identical daughter cells.

Which types of cells undergo mitosis?

Body cells.

What happens during Prophase of mitosis?

Chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope begins to break down.

What type of reproduction is associated with meiosis?

Sexual reproduction.

What are the results of meiosis?

Four genetically different cells (gametes - sperm and egg).

What type of cells are produced by meiosis?

Gametes.

During which phase does crossing over occur in meiosis?

Prophase 1.

What is cancer?

Uncontrolled cell division caused by mutations.

What are some carcinogens that can cause cancer?

UV light, tobacco, radiation, chemicals.

How does cancer affect the cell cycle?

It shortens interphase; cells divide faster.

How can cancer mutations be passed to offspring?

If the mutation is present in sex cells.

What are the complementary bases in DNA?

Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Cytosine pairs with Guanine.

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base.

What does the term 'antiparallel' refer to in DNA?

DNA strands run in opposite directions.

Describe the three steps of DNA replication.

Helicase unzips DNA, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides, and two identical DNA strands form.

What is meant by semi-conservative replication?

Each new DNA double helix consists of one old strand and one new strand.

What is transcription?

Making mRNA from DNA.

Where does transcription occur?

In the nucleus.

What are the important types of RNA involved in transcription?

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

What is the goal of translation?

Making proteins from mRNA.

Where does translation occur?

At the ribosome.

What is the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

What amino acids are generated from the DNA sequence ATT CTC GTT ATA?

Isoleucine - Leucine - Valine.