henry viii society

what happened to the size of the nobility during henrys reign

increased

how many more peers were there at the end of henrys reign compared to the beginning

9

what did most new peers receive their role as a result of

successful royal service as courtiers or soldiers

example of a noble’s role being enhanced due to family relationship

edward seymour was elevated to the earldom of hertford

who were the two non royal ducal titles that henry promoted

duke of norfolk
duke of suffolk

why was the duke of norfolk promoted

restored to the title of his father

why was the duke of suffolk promoted

on account of the closeness of his relationship with the king

why did henry bestow property upon nobles

to enable them to exert royal authority in certain areas

where was suffolk endowed property and why

• lincolnshire

• after the 1536 rebellion

where was john, baron russel endowed lands and why

• devon

• after the execution of the marquess of exeter

what did noble households remain critical to

• the maintenance of local influence

• recruitment of royal armies

how many men did the earl of shrewsbury raise for the invasion of france in 1513

over 4000

when was baron dacre tried and hanged

1541

what was the significance of baron dacres trial and execution

signalled to the nobility that loyalty was vital

when was the duke of buckingham executed for treason

1521

when were baron montague and the marquess of exeter executed

1538

when were lord darcy and hussy executed

1538

how many gentry families were there in england in 1540

around 5000

why were knighthoods conferred

as a royal favour

what was assumed about knights

they would possess an income that reflected their status

how many knightly families were there in 1524

around 2000

what was an esquire

a gentleman entitled to bear a coat of arms

who were esquires certified by

royal heralds

who were heralds unwilling to grant titles to by 1530

anyone with lands worth less than £10 per annum or goods worth under £300

what did the increase of jps lead to

increased numbers of those participating in local administration

what were the gentry increasingly keen on their sons acquiring

legal training

who were the crowns local administrators increasingly becoming

laymen

why were the government fearful of commoners

outbreaks of unrest were common

what led to the drop in real income

the rise of inflation

what had wales comprised of before 1536

marcher lordships and the principality of wales

what did the laws in wales act of 1536 do

• divided wales into shire counties

• gave welsh shires representation in the house of commons

• brought wales under the same legal framework as england

who did the control of wales increasingly become the responsibility of

members of the aristocracy

members of the anglicised welsh gentry

where was still technically a palatinate

• lancashire

• durham

• cheshire

who exercised the palatinate jurisdiction in durham

bishop

what did the act of resuming liberties to the crown of 1536 do

reduced level of independence enjoyed by the bishop in durham

what came under the jurisdiction of the council of wales and the marches

• lands governed as part of the principality of wales

• shropshire

• herefordshire

• worcestershire

• gloucestershire

where was the council of wales and the marches based

ludlow in shropshire

why was the anglo-scottish border difficult to police

• it was remote

• often inhospitable in winter months

how was scotland split and controlled

split into three marches each under the jurisdiction of a warden

who could henry appoint as a warden on the anglo scottish border and why was it a difficult decision

• nobility could exploit their power

• gentry

• outsiders would have little influence

where was the council of the north reestablished

york

example of execution due to denial of royal supremacy

sir thomas more

what did people fear their may be attacks on after cromwells 1538 injunctions

parish churches

what did cromwells 1538 injunctions attack

• holy days

• pilgrimages

• venetration of relics

how much church land had henry granted away by 1547 to fund warlike foreign policy

2/3s

what happened to the position of nuns

became precarious

how did monks deal with unemployment

• received pensions

• secured employment as secular priests

example of place where protests took place against dissolution of monastries

hexham in northumberland

when was the amicable grant

1525

where was the strongest opposition to the amicable grant

• north essex

• south suffolk

how many people gathered at essex-suffolk border to resist payment of the amicable grant

1000

how many resistors to the amicable grant were the dukes of norfolk and suffolk faced with

around 4000

when did the lincolnshire rising start

early october 1536

where did the lincolnshire rising spread

• over humber into east riding of yorkshire

• parts of west riding of yorkshire around wakefield and pontrefact

where did a second rising begin and spread

• started in dales between ripon and richmond

• spread into cumberland, westmorland and north lancashire

• spread north into durham

• spread southwest into craven area of the west riding of yorkshire

why was class antagonism clear in the lincolnshire rising

letters were sent out in the name ‘captain poverty’

how did many women support rebels in lincolshire rising

prepared food, mended clothes, prayed for them

who was lady bulmer and what happened to her

• her husband was a rebel leader

• she was burned to death after her husband was hanged in may 1537

why did the dissolution of the monasteries cause religious motives for pilgrimage of grace

• loss of charitable + educational functions

• possible loss of parish churches

• fear the north would be impoverished

how is it clear that dissolution of monatries played a part in the PoG

• rebels attempted to restore some of the houses

• rebel leader robert aske was a convicted supporter of the monasteries

example of locally important saint

st wilfrid in parts of yorkshire

why was fear for traditional religious practice a motive for PoG

• celebration of locally important saints were discouraged

• pilgrimage discouraged

• rumours that parishes would be amalgamated

• rumours that church plate and jewel would be confiscated

what were ordinary rebels motivated by in PoG

economic grievances

what may have initially sparked the rebellion in lincolnshire

the crowns attempt to impose the duke of suffolk upon lincolnshire

what may have motivated councillors in the PoG

the restoration of princess mary as heir

what has the extension of the rebellion west of the pennines into cumberland been related to

tenants grievances

where did the northern rebels in PoG occupy

• york

• hull

• pontefract castle

how did duke of norfolk diffuse rebellion when encountered with rebels near doncaster

• issued a pardon

• promised that dissolve monasteries would be restored

• promised that a free parliament would be established

how many rebels were hanged after PoG

74

why did the pilgrimage of grace shake henry

• most popular rebellion

• geographically widespread