Chemistry - Polyatomic Ions, Covalent Compound Prefixes, Diatomic & Polyatomic Elements, Solubility Rules, & Common Acids & Bases

Acetate

C₂H₃O₂^-

Carbonate

CO₃^2-

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

HCO₃^-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Nitrite

NO₂^-

Nitrate

NO₃^-

Chromate

CrO₄^2-

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇^2-

Phosphate

PO₄^3-

Hydrogen phosphate

HPO₄^2-

Dichromate

Cr₂O₇²⁻

Phosphate

PO₄³⁻

Hydrogen phosphate

HPO₄²⁻

Dihydrogen phosphate

H₂PO₄⁻

Ammonium

NH₄⁺

Hypochlorite

CIO^-

Chlorite

ClO₂⁻

Chlorate

ClO₃⁻

Perchlorate

ClO₄⁻

Permanganate

MnO₄⁻

Sulfite

SO₃²⁻

Hydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)

HSO₃⁻

Sulfate

SO₄²⁻

Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HSO₄⁻

Cyanide

CN⁻

Peroxide

O₂^2-

Bromate

BrO₃^-

Mono

1

Di

2

Tri

3

Tetra

4

Penta

5

Hexa

6

Hepta

7

Octa

8

Nona

9

Deca

10

Diatomic molecular elements

Hydrogen (H₂), Nitrogen (N₂), Fluorine (F₂), Oxygen (O₂), Iodine (I₂), Chlorine (Cl₂), and Bromine (Br₂)

Polyatomic molecular elements

Phosphorus (P₄), Sulfur (S₈), and Selenium (Se₈)

Is a compound with Li⁺ generally soluble or insoluble?

Always soluble

Is a compound with Na⁺ generally soluble or insoluble?

Always soluable

Is a compound with K⁺ generally soluble or insoluble?

Always soluable

Is a compound with NH₄⁺ generally soluble or insoluble?

Always soluable

Is a compound with NO₃^- generally soluble or insoluble?

Always soluble

Is a compound with C₂H₃O₂^-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Always soluble

Is a compound with Cl^-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally soluble

Is a compound with Br^-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally soluble

Is a compound with I^-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally soluble

Is a compound with SO₄^-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally soluble

^{Which ions pair with Cl-, Br-, and I- and result in an insoluble compound?}

Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, Pb²⁺

Which ions pair with SO₄^2- and result in an insoluble compound?

Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ag⁺, Ca²⁺

Is a compound with OH^-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally insoluble

Is a compound with S^2-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally insoluble

Is a compound with CO₃^2-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally insoluble

Is a compound with PO₄^3-  generally soluble or insoluble?

Generally insoluble

Which ions pair with OH^- and result in an soluble compound?

Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺

Which ions pair with OH^- and result in a slightly soluble compound?

Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

Which ions pair with S^2- and result in an soluble compound?

Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

Which ions pair with CO₃^2- and result in an soluble compound?

Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺

Which ions pair with PO₄^3- and result in an soluble compound?

Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺

What are the 6 strong acids?

Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Hydrobromic acid (HBr), Hydroiodic acid (HI), Nitric acid (HNO₃), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and Perchloric acid (HClO₄)

What are the 3 weak acids?

Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), Formic acid (HCOOH), and Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)

What are the 5 strong bases?

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), Lithium hydroxide (LiOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), and Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)

What is a weak base?

Ammonia (NH₃)

What types of compounds undergo gas-evolution reactions?

Sulfides, carbonates and bicarbonates, sulfites and bisulfites, ammonium

What is the intermediate products and the gas evolved from sulfides?

None; H₂S

What is the intermediate products and the gas evolved from carbonates and bicarbonates?

H₂CO₃, CO₂

What is the intermediate products and the gas evolved from sulfites and bisulfites?

H₂SO₃, SO₂

What is the intermediate products and the gas evolved from ammonium?

NH₄OH; NH₃