AP Human Geography Unit 2 practice test

According to the US Committee for Refugees, the three largest groups of international refugees are

A) Vietnamese, Indian and Indonesian

B) Sudanese, South African and Colombian

C) Ethiopian, Nicaraguan, and Somalian

D) Mexican, Pakistani, and Colombian

E) Palestinian, Iraqi, and Afghan

E

True or false: Most migration occurs because of a combination of push and pull factors.

True

Migration to the US declined during the 1920s primarily because of

A) imposition of quota laws

B) economic depression in the US

C) declining demand for domestic workers

D) forced migration after WWI

E) declining demand for industrial workers

A

Guest workers in Europe and the Middle East are

A) southern Europeans

B) technical specialists invited as consultants

C) Muslims

D) illegal immigrants

E) low-status foreigners

E

The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is

A) urban to rural

B) region to region

C) city to city

D) rural to urban

E) north to south

D

Which of the following is not presently one of the three largest migration flows in the world?

A) to North America from Asia

B) to North America from Latin America

C) to Europe from Africa

D) to Europe from Asia

C

The largest number of undocumented immigrants to the US come from what country?

A) Mexico

B) the Philippines

C) South Korea

D) Cuba

E) Dominican Republic

A

The ability to move from one location to another is

mobility

Refugees migrate primarily because of which type of push factor?

A) circulation

B) economic

C) cultural

D) environmental

C

Most guest workers head for which part of Europe?

A) south and east

B) south and west

C) central

D) north and east

E) north and west

E

A country has net in-migration if emigration _______ immigration.

A) is less than

B) exceeds

C) varies more than

D) equals

E) is closer to net migration than

A

The destination for most undocumented immigrants entering Mexico is

A) work in Pacific coast resorts

B) work in factories in northern Mexico

C) the US border

D) work on fruit plantations

E) Mexico city

C

Counterurbanization is

A) decline of the inner-city infrastructure

B) migration to rural areas and small towns

C) the move from the urban core to suburban areas

D) due to expanding suburbs

E) the trend of the elderly retiring to rural locations

B

True or false: In recent years, the immigration quota has been sufficient to accommodate all people who wish to migrate to the US.

False

The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by

A) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive

B) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior

C) dictating optimal locations for factories

D) moving the capital to Brasilia

E) industrial development on the Atlantic coast

D

Recent immigrants to the US

A) are nearly evenly distributed among all states

B) are concentrated in a few states according to economic prospects and migrant's country of origin

C) are distributed evenly along the southern US border and the east and west coasts

D) are concentrated in Texas, California, and Illinois

B

Most European guest workers come from which part of Europe?

A) north and west

B) north and east

C) central

D) south and east

E) south and west

D

True or false: Countries with slow population growth but strong economies commonly experience out-migration.

False

Wilbur Zelinsky's model of migration predicted

A) long migration distances are more likely than short

B) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition

C) women are more likely to migrate than men

D) intraregional migration is more important than interregional

E) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons

B

The largest level of interregional migration in the US was caused by the

A) opening up of the western territories

B) illegal immigration from Latin America

C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century

D) arrival of Europeans beginning in the 1600s

E) industrial development in the northeast

A

Many of the refugees from Vietnam became known as the

A) Viet Cong

B) communists

C) Hindus

D) segregationists

E) boat people

E

True or false: It can be difficult to distinguish between economic migrants and refugees, except in the way they are granted admittance to a new country.

false

A permanent move to a new location

migration

Norwegians were most likely to immigrate to the US

A) during the US Civil War

B) during the 1880s and 1890s

C) between 1900 and 1915

D) prior to 1840

E) during the 1840s and 1850s

B

Most migrants to the US during the peak of the 1840s and 1850s came from which part of Europe?

A) Italy and Poland

B) Russia and Bulgaria

C) Ireland and Germany

D) Norway and England

E) Spain and Portugal

C

Ellis Island

A) was originally claimed by France but given to the US along with the Statue of Liberty

B) was the subject of a territorial dispute between New York and New Jersey

C) is still in use today as an immigration gateway to the US

D) is not truly an island because it is joined to the mainland by a narrow strip of land

B

Europeans migrated to the US primarily because of

A) religious freedom in the US as European countries oppressed their citizens

B) decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions

C) decreased economic opportunities as European countries experienced rapid population growth

D) discoveries of gold in California and Alaska

C

True or false: The three major kinds of push factors are cultural, economic, and environmental

True

Brain drain is

A) a cultural feature that hinders migratiion

B) people forced to migrate for political reasons

C) the process by which people are given reference for migration

D) the large-scale emigration of talented people

E) net decline in literacy

D

True or false: The most common environmental threat to people comes from too much or too little water.

True

A physical feature, such as a body of water, which hinders migration is an example of

A) an environmental push factor

B) an environmental incentive

C) a cultural pull factor

D) a forced migration

E) an intervening obstacle

E

US quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of

A) virtually ending immigration

B) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world

C) indirectly causing two world wars

D) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe

E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited

D

Most Asians are currently migrating to the US through the process of

A) illegal immigration

B) chain migration

C) brain drain

D) global relocation

E) expansion diffusion

B

Which factor most often causes a voluntary migration?

A) regional conflicts

B) international

C) environmental

D) cultural

E) economic

E

True or false: The major reason for illegal immigration to the US is to escape political persecution.

False

According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were

A) established as guest workers

B) permitted to become legal residents

C) no longer eligible for public services in the US

D) encouraged to remain because of shortages of workers

E) increasingly deported if caught

B

The largest number of legal immigrants to the US come from what country?

A) Cuba

B) South Korea

C) Mexico

D) the Philippines

E) Dominican Republic

C

True or false: Historically, the center of population in the US has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south

true

Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the US?

A) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan

B) rural to urban

C) urban to suburban

D) net emigration from the northeast

E) all of the above

C

The most popular destination for voluntary migrants from Great Britain has been

A) South America

B) Asia

C) Australia

D) North America

E) South Asia

D

Mexico's immigration policy

A) attempts to prevent any money from leaving the country

B) welcomes migrants from other countries

C) is complicated because Mexico favors migration to the US but opposes migration from its south

D) is opposed to Mexicans migration to the US because they otherwise would contribute to the economy at home

C

The US has received the lowest number of refugees from which of these countries?

A) Haiti

B) Ethiopia

C) Cuba

D) VIetnam

B

An example of a government limiting migration is

A) Norway

B) UK

C) Bangladesh

D) the State of Assam

E) Mexico

D

The most important pull factor for migrants to North America today is

A) economic

B) geomagnetic

C) environmental

D) forced

E) cultural

A

Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor?

A) revolutionary takeover of a government

B) flooding of a river

C) failed harvest

D) opening of a new factory

E) civil war

D

The largest numbers of recent immigrants to the US are

A) relatives of US residents

B) talented professionals

C) political refugees

D) illegal immigrants

E) guest workers

A

THe US center of population has moved steadily to the

A) north

B) center

C) south

D) east

E) west

E

true or false: The difference between the number of people migrating to a place and the number leaving is called net migration.

True

Several million Irish migrated in the 1840s primarily because

A) poor environmental conditions induced them to migrate

B) they were attracted to the US

C) the English forced them to become refugees

D) disastrous economic conditions pushed them out of the country

E) Spanish invasion threatened their homes

D

The highest rates of immigration are to

A) some Middle Eastern countries

B) the US

C) Mexico and Latin America

D) Europe

A

Most migrants to the US during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from which part of Europe?

A) south and east

B) north and west

C) Central

D) north and east

E) south and west

B

People are forced to migrate primarily because of which factor?

A) international B) economic

C) mobility

D) cultural

E) environmental

D

True or false: Most Asian immigrants in the US are single young men trying to find work.

False

Most migrants to the US during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe?

A) central

B) north and east

C) north and west

D) south and east

E) south and west

D

Migration to the US increased from Europe after 1800 in part because of

A) rapid increase in the crude death rate

B) deteriorating public health, medicine, and food supply

C) expanded economic opportunities during the Industrial Revolution

D) higher natural increase rates

E) plague and famine

D

Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the US?

A) Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors

B) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish

C) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home country

D) Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors

E) Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the US

D

Many Argentinians who fled the country in the 1970s, when the country was ruled by a military regime, returned to the country after democratic elections were held in 1983. This is an example of

A) emigration changing to immigration

B) a push factor changing to a pull factor

C) forced migration changing to voluntary migration

D) a pull factor changing to a push factor

E) an economic migration factor changing to an environmental migration factor

B

Suburbanization of more developed countries is due to

A) regional development

B) increasing employment opportunities

C) expanding urban territory

D) global investment

E) desire to change lifestyle

E

In the US, which is likely to cause virtually all population growth in the next few decades?

A) net in-migration

B) crude birth rate

C) urban expansions

D) declining death rate

E) natural increase rate

A

True or false: The most important type of internal migration within the US is from urban to suburban.

True

The greatest total number of foreign born residents can be found in

A) Germany

B) Australia

C) China

D) US

D

The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak at ____________ of the demographic transition

A) stage 3

B) stage 2

C) stage 1

D) stage 4

B

One important feature of the world's population with the most significant future implications is that

A) the natural increase rate is larger every year.

B) there are fewer people in the world now than at the peak in the middle of the twentieth century.

C) the most rapid growth is occurring in the less developed countries.

D) people are uniformly distributed across Earth.

E) the less developed countries have the highest combined crude death rate.

C

Geographers define overpopulation as

A) too many people in the world.

B) too many people compared to resources.

C) too many people in a region.

D) all of the above

E) A and C

B

The world's fourth largest concentration of people is located in

A) East Asia.

B) South Asia.

C) Southeast Asia.

D) Europe.

E) North America.

C

The most populous country in the world is

A) China.

B) India.

C) Russia.

D) Indonesia.

E) Republic of Congo.

A

Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions?

A) East Asia

B) Southeast Asia

C) Sub-Saharan Africa

D) Europe

E) South Asia

C

Most people live in cities in which of these regions?

A) East Asia

B) South Asia

C) Southeast Asia

D) Europe

E) Sub-Saharan Africa

D

The most populous country in the Southeast Asia region is

A) Bangladesh.

B) China.

C) India.

D) Indonesia.

E) Thailand

D

Human beings avoid all but which of these regions?

A) cold lands

B) dry lands

C) warm lands

D) wet lands

E) high lands

C

Relatively few people live at high elevations, but there are significant exceptions, especially in

A) Asia.

B) Europe.

C) Latin America.

D) North America.

E) Africa.

C

Physiological density is the number of

A) acres of farmland.

B) farmers per area of farmland.

C) people per area of land.

D) people per area suitable for agriculture.

E) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture.

D

11) A country with a large amount of arable land and a small number of farmers will have a

A) high physiological density.

B) low physiological density.

C) high agricultural density.

D) low agricultural density.

E) low arithmetic density.

D

Land suited for agriculture is called

A) population density.

B) agricultural density.

C) physiological density.

D) arid land.

E) arable land.

E

If the physiological density is much larger than the arithmetic density, then a country has

A) inefficient farmers.

B) a large number of farmers.

C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture.

D) too many people for the available resources.

E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture.

C

India and the United Kingdom have approximately the same arithmetic density. From this we can conclude that the two countries have the same

A) level of output per farmer.

B) number of people per area of land.

C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food.

D) number of farmers per area of land.

E) all of the above

B

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately ten thousand years ago because of the

A) agricultural revolution.

B) demographic transition.

C) Industrial Revolution.

D) medical revolution.

E) increase in the crude birth rate.

A

The annual global population growth rate increased approximately two hundred years ago because of the

A) agricultural revolution.

B) demographic transition.

C) Industrial Revolution.

D) medical revolution.

E) increase in the crude birth rate.

C

The medical revolution has been characterized by

A) development of new inventions.

B) diffusion of medical practices.

C) increased agricultural productivity.

D) invention of new medicines.

E) increase in the crude birth rate.

B

The average number of births women bear in their lifetimes is

A) crude birth rate.

B) crude death rate.

C) total fertility rate.

D) natural increase rate.

E) increasing in more developed countries.

C

To study fertility, geographers most frequently use the

A) crude birth rate.

B) crude death rate.

C) infant mortality rate.

D) natural increase rate.

E) life expectancy.

A

The world's population in 1995 was approximately 6 billion and a steady rate of growth was expected to reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. The period of 45 years is known as

A) doubling time.

B) life expectancy.

C) natural increase rate.

D) overpopulation.

E) demographic transition.

A

The annual natural increase rate is currently approximately

A) 1.2 percent.

B) 12 percent.

C) 1.2 per 1,000.

D) 120 million.

E) 12 billion.

A

A decline in a country's crude birth rate would result in an increase in the country's

A) total fertility rate.

B) life expectancy rate.

C) crude death rate.

D) doubling time.

E) natural increase rate.

D

Of the following five countries, the highest natural increase rate is found in

A) China.

B) Colombia.

C) Denmark.

D) Uganda.

E) Norway

D

Of the following five countries, the lowest crude birth rate is found in

A) China.

B) Colombia.

C) Denmark.

D) Uganda.

E) Zaire.

C

When combined for all less developed countries, which of the following rates is lower than more developed countries combined?

A) crude birth rate

B) crude death rate

C) infant mortality rate

D) natural increase rate

E) total growth rate

B

Costa Rica has a lower crude death rate than the United States because Costa Rica

A) has a higher sex ratio.

B) has more hospitals per person.

C) has a milder climate.

D) is in Stage 4 of the demographic transition.

E) has a lower percentage of elderly people.

E

Among world countries, the spread between the highest and lowest crude death rates is ________ than the spread between the highest and lowest crude birth rates.

A) greater

B) less

C) the same as

D) more related to income

E) less dependent on social services

B

Life expectancy is lowest in

A) Africa.

B) East Asia.

C) North America.

D) Europe.

E) Southeast Asia.

A

The total number of live births per year per

1,000 people in a society is the

A) crude birth rate.

B) life expectancy rate.

C) natural increase rate.

D) total fertility rate.

E) projected birth rate.

A

The highest natural increase rates are

found in countries in which stage of the

demographic transition?

A) Stage 1

B) Stage 2

C) Stage 3

D) Stage 4

E) Stage 5

B

The lowest crude birth rates are found in

countries in which stage of the demographic

transition?

A) Stage 1

B) Stage 2

C) Stage 3

D) Stage 4

E) Stage 5

D

The highest crude death rates are found

in countries in which stage of the

demographic transition?

A) Stage 1

B) Stage 2

C) Stage 3

D) Stage 4

E) Stage 5

A

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and

a crude death rate of 15. In what stage of

demographic transition is this country?

A) Stage 1

B) Stage 2

C) Stage 3

D) Stage 4

E) Stage 5

B

Country X has a crude birth rate of 40 and

a crude death rate of 15, while Country Y has a

crude birth rate of 20 and a crude death rate of

9. Which country has a higher natural increase

rate?

A) Country X

B) Country Y

C) The rate is the same in both countries.

D) The rate depends on total population, so it

can't be computed from this information.

E) The rate depends on immigration, so it can't

be computed from this information.

A

For every 1,000 babies born in Mozambique

this year, nearly 150 of them will die before they

reach their first birthday. The rate of 150 deaths

per 1,000 births is known as the

A) crude death rate.

B) infant mortality rate.

C) life expectancy.

D) total fertility rate.

E) terminal population rate.

B

Rapidly declining crude death rates are

found in which stage of the demographic

transition?

A) Stage 1

B) Stage 2

C) Stage 3

D) Stage 4

E) Stage 5

B

More developed countries moved from Stage 1 to

Stage 2 of the demographic transition 200 years ago

in part because of

A) the agricultural revolution.

B) invention of new technology.

C) people moving to cities.

D) women choosing to enter the labor force.

E) decreasing crude birth rates

E

The percentage of people who are too

young or too old to work in a society is the

A) dependency rate.

B) life expectancy.

C) population pyramid.

D) sex ratio.

E) demographic ratio.

A