8. James ii /pre-glorious rev.

when did KJII take the throne

1685

what was KJII’s religion

catholic

how did kJII’s religion become known and what did this show

became public knowledge in 1669 but became more of a problem when he refused to swear allegiance under the 1673 test act, undermined KCII’s power as king

how strong was KJII’s position in 1685

very strong as KCII had formed an alliance with the Tories

what was KJII’s personality like

seen as authoritarian, unwilling to compromise, weak - crushed under any pressure

what were KJII’s aim at the start of his reign

most importantly improve position on Catholics and give them power wanted to repeal the penal laws against Catholics and Dissenters through repealing the Test and Corporations Acts, he believed that by removing punishment lots of people would convert to Catholicism, he didn’t have to enforce it

what was KJII’s policies towards dissenters

tied to form an alliance with them but they were suspicious of a catholic

said he wanted to make their lives better with Catholics but in reality refused to give them as many rights as he did Catholics such as allowing them to go to universities or serve as an army officier

how authoritarian was KJII

historians not sure if he was looking to set out an authoritarian regime or if the public just connects Catholicism with Absolutism so much that they made him out to be authoritarian

how did tory support for KJII change as he came to power

they were supportive more to an intolerant CofE rather than to KCII himself so didn’t support KJII as much as he had a tolerant church

what was the 1685 rebellion in Scotland

in Scotland, led by Earl of Argyll, was because he had appointed Catholics to positions of power

what was the 1685 rebellion in England

in England, led by KJII’s illegitimate son Duke of Monmouth in response to James becoming king instead of him, rebels crushed July 1685, Monmouth executed

what was the Bloody Assizes

after the 1685 rebellions, 250 were sentenced to death and 800 were forced to live in the west indies as slaves which was seen as particularly brutal response

why did the 1685 rebellions fail

military weakness

good and rapid govt response

lack of support from less radical presbytarians

limitted support from leader Argyll and Monmouth

how did KJii’s first P react to the 1685 rebellions

gave KJii substancial funding that added up to £2m a year

extended kjii’s army to 20,000 troops

what was the political make up of KJii’s first p

mainly tories

how did KJii use the money P gave him in 1685

used it to appoint nearly 90 Catholic army officers, caused backlash, in response he prorogued P which had only sat for two weeks

what did p think about kjii using subside money to build up his army

worried it would make the army solely loyal to kjii and said ]he had gone against the Test Act by allowing Catholics and dissenters to serve in the army

what was the case of Godden versus Hales

June 1686 - Hales was a Catholics who served in the army and used him as an example of why Catholics should be allowed in the army and the Test act should be appealed, KJii removed 6 judges to make the vote in his favour and they did. With this council he also appointed 4 Catholics to the Privy Council.

what was the response to KJii appointing 4 Catholics to Privy Council

lost support from Anglican Tories and Anti-Catholic riots happened accross the country

what was the Declaratin to Preachers

March 1686 - as a result of anti-Catholic riots, forbid attacks on the Catholic Church by ministers

why was KJii seen as majorly absolutist by PN

associated Catholic with Absolute

removed more judges than any other Stuart monarch because he just removed them and ignored them when they didn’t vote in his favour

employed ‘absolutist lawyers’ to enforce his control

how did KJii attempt to restore Catholicism in Ireland

completely remodelled army so it was Catholics, including lieutenant general

remodelled judiciary courts which made all future Irish P be pretty much all Catholic

all Presbytarians in Ireland to give up half their land to Irish

what was the overall response by the elite to KJii’s first P

pretty passive, mostly as they were Tories who supported the minarchy

what was the outcome of KJii implementing more Catholics in Iris P and army

annoyed english p

how did KJii attempt to restore Catholicism in Scotland

ignored the Scottish P’s rejection of the Toleration of Catholic Bill 1686 and proclaimed freedom for private worship of Catholics and Quakers, but not Presbytarians

What was the outcome of KJii 1686 religious policies in Scotland

huge division among the Scottish elites from a P that had been very loyal to him and caused an increase in anti-Catholicism

what was the Declaration of Indugence

June 1687 - complete toleration and right to office for Catholics and Presbyterian right to private worship and relaxation of penal laws

why was the declaration of indulgence significant

showed KJii was trying to work with protestant radicals to try and form a coalition, showed that he was willing to sacrifice the royal income and income and gentry PN for religious policy

how did KJii aid the removal of the landed gentry for the idea of middling classes

requires all JPs to answer three questions about Catholicism, only 1/3 answered ‘correctly’ caused a lot of purging of local govt.s and many influential and rich gentry being replaced by less prominent Catholic and Dissenter men

how had KJii misinterpretted the suport of the elite during his second P

he thought the Tories’ support was fr him but instead it was more for the monarchy as a whole, when he started changing things up, it caused them to show that their support was actually for the idea of a Protestant, non-absolutist monarch

why did KJii lose support from 7 influencial Bishops in 1688

they disagreed with KJii’s unlawful (according to P law) Declaration of Indulgence being read from the pulpit in all English Churches.

KJii put the mall in the ToL making them into Martyrs for just not wanting to read the declaration from the pulpit

what was P reaction to KJii locking up the bishops who opposed the Declaration of Indulgence 1688

saw their arrest as unlawful and openly rejoiced when they were found not guilty and released

what were the opinions of P about KJii’s line of succession

initally belieed that they shouldjust wait out KJii’s death as he was KCii’s brother so already quite old when he got the throe, as his two daughters were Protestant, thus returning the country to a Protestant leader soon