Nursing Dogs and Cats III

Intranasal drugs local

Anesthetics, decongestants

Intranasal drugs systemic

Antiseizure, faster than Intrarectal

Intranasal problems

Sneezing, infection

Intranasal technique

Tilt head, instill slowly

Intratracheal absorption

Rapid absorption, emergency drugs

Intratracheal delivery

ET tube, catheter

Rectal local effects

Enema

Rectal systemic effects

Antiemetics, antiseizure

Rectal absorption

Rapid through mucosa

Rectal forms

Tablets-5 cm, liquids- 8-10 cm, warm water flushed

Topical- Mammary indications

Mastitis

Mammary topical

Empty udder, clean, medicate

Transdermal patch medicines

Hormones, analgesics

Transdermal patch technique

Clip hair, dry, gloves, hold for 1 min, stables

Transdermal patch cautions

Don’t touch, avoid heat pads, prevent removal

Transdermal patch label

Strength, placement date, when to remove it

Intradermal indications

Allergy test, TB test

Intradermal technique

Avoid hard scrub, small needle- 25-27 gauge, bevel up, dermal penetration, monitor reaction

Subcutaneous advantages

Simple, easy to teach, large volumes, no damage

Subcutaneous disadvantages

Slow absorption, irritating

Subcutaneous medications

Vaccines, fluids, drugs

Subcutaneous technique

Tent skin, swab, insert needle, aspirate, inject

Intramuscular locations

Lumbar epaxial, hamstring, quadriceps, triceps, cervical

Intramuscular advantages

High vascularity, faster absorption, poor solubility

Intramuscular disadvantages

Small volumes, vital structures, pain, muscle damage

Lumbar epaxial technique

Restraint, palpate location, swap, insert needle, aspirate, inject

Hamstring technique

Restraint, palpate muscle, swab, needle direction( caudal, avoid sciatic nerve), aspirate, inject

Quadriceps technique

Restraint, palpate muscle, swab, needle direction- perpendicular, aspirate, inject

Triceps technique

Restraint, palpate muscle, swab, needle direction- perpendicular, aspirate, inject

Intravenous locations

Cephalic, saphenous, jugular

Intravenous advantages

Rapid onset, large volumes, irritating

Intravenous disadvantages

Short duration, laceration potential, access problems

Intravenous technique

Restraint, start distal, occlude vein, swab, insert needle, stop occlusion, inject, hemostasis

Intraosseous locations

Crest of ilium, trochanteric fossa, proximal humerus, proximal tibia

Intraosseous advantages

Rapid access, rapid onset, large volumes, irritating

Intraosseous disadvantages

Painful insertion, infection

Intraosseous technique

Surgical prep, only one attempt, stab incision, bore motion, wrap when embedded

Intraosseous contraindications

Sepsis, fracture

Intraperitoneal indications

Difficult access, peritoneal dialysis, rapid absorption

Intraperitoneal complications

Organ puncture, peritonitis