EVM 4.1 ~ 4.3 flashcard set

Chlorination

Adding chlorine-based substances to water to kill disease-causing pathogens such as bacteria and viruses

Human Waste Facilities

Facilities used to safely dispose of human waste including sewers and septic tanks

Effluent

A discharge of liquid waste into the environment

Pathogen

An organism such as bacteria or a virus that causes disease

Sewage

Waste matter carried away in sewers or drains from homes and industry

Organic

Derived from living organisms

Algae Bloom

Rapid growth of algae in water caused by excess nutrients

Algae

Plant-like photosynthetic organisms that lack true roots stems and leaves

Leaching

The movement of soluble chemicals or minerals through soil by rainfall

Water Resource Industrial Pollution

Pollution of water caused by industrial waste such as chemicals oils or heavy metals

Reverse Osmosis

Purification of water by forcing it through a semi permeable membrane under pressure

Distillation

Purification of water by boiling and condensing the vapor to remove impurities

Desalination

The removal of salt from seawater to produce freshwater

Artesian Aquifer

An aquifer where water is under pressure

Well

A hole dug or drilled into the ground to reach groundwater

Vector

An organism that carries disease causing pathogens from one host to another

Water Related Diseases

Diseases caused by contaminated water and poor sanitation

Dams Considerations

Factors to consider when building dams including cost environmental and social impacts

Dams Pros and Cons

Advantages and disadvantages of dams such as hydroelectric power and habitat loss

Water Resource Scarcity

A situation where water demand exceeds available supply

Aquifer

Water stored in permeable rocks underground

Groundwater

Water stored in soil and rocks beneath the Earth’s surface

Surface Water

Water found in rivers lakes and swamps

Water Resource Demand

The amount of water required for domestic agricultural and industrial use

Throughflow

The movement of water through soil

Service Reservoir

A reservoir where treated potable water is stored before distribution

Reservoir

An artificial lake used to store water

Potable

Safe to drink

Water Resource Sources

Water obtained from surface water groundwater aquifers and desalinated seawater

Precipitation

Water falling to Earth as rain snow sleet or hail

Condensation

The process by which water vapor cools and becomes liquid

Evaporation

The process by which liquid water changes into water vapor

The Water Cycle

The continuous movement of water between land oceans and atmosphere

Sanitisation

Conditions that protect health including clean water and safe waste disposal

Groundwater Flow

The movement of water through underground rocks

Infiltration

The process by which water soaks into the ground

Interception

Precipitation temporarily stored on vegetation such as trees

Surface Run off

Water flowing over land into rivers and streams

Transpiration

The release of water vapor from plant leaves