AP Bio Cann Chp.9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cellular Repiration

• both aerobic and anaerobic

• usually referred to aerobic

• traced witht the sugar glucose

Oxidation

• loss of elections

• oxidized

Reduction

• substance gains electrons

• reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced)

Redox Reactions

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants

Stages of Cellular respiration

• Glycolysis

• Citric Acid Cycle

• Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis

• breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate (splitting of sugar)

• substrate level phosphorylation

• Occurs whether or not 02 is present

Citric Acid Cycle

• completes the breakdown of glucose

• Kreb’s Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

• Accounts for most of the ATP Synthesis

Glycolysis Phase

• Energy Investment plase

• Energy payoff phase

After Glycolysis

2 pyrvuates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

• depending on the organism the process will occur aerobically or anaerobically

Fermentation

• Glycolysis + Reaction that regenerate NAD+

• Most common are Alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

• Obligate anaerobes and Facyltative Anaerobes

Obligate Anaerobes

• Carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration

• Cannot survive in the presence of O2

Facultative Anaerobes

• only survive with Fermentation or cellular respiration

• Pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road → catabolic routes