Studied by 21 people
University of Wisconsin Madison
Narrative Medicine
Clinical practice enriched by understanding and utilizing patient stories.
Graphic Medicine
An interdisciplinary field exploring the connection between comics and health, illness, and medical education. New field in the health humanities.
Moral Injury
In traumatic circumstances, people may perpetrate, fail to prevent, or witness events that contradict deeply held moral beliefs and expectations. Moral injury is the distressing psychological, behavioral, social and sometimes spiritual aftermath of these circumstances.
Social Media Platform Affordances
Features and limitations of social media platforms that influence user behavior and content sharing. Markers of authority (lab coat, scrubs, setting). Allows for creators to speak directly to their audiences.
Gutters
The space between panels in comics representing time and action filled in by the reader.
Emanata
Symbols near a character's head in comics representing feelings, thoughts, or states of mind.
Confirmation Bias
Tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs and reject contradictory facts.
Disability Models
Moral, medical, social, identity
Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs)
A utilitarian approach to health economics. Inherently privileges people with good health and devalues the lives of people with disabilities (based on the beliefs of non-disabled outsiders”
Tuskegee Study
Unethical study where Black men with syphilis were denied treatment to observe the natural progression of the disease.
Placebo Effect
Patients' response to inert treatments due to psychological factors rather than the treatment itself.
Meaning Response
Physiological or psychological effects of the meaning attributed to a treatment in healthcare. Ex: pill color, branding of pills, number of pills. Meaning response is particularly strong for pain, sleep, psych conditions and immune/ endocrine disorders. Not everyone experiences the meaning response.
Enhancement
Improving human function beyond what is necessary for health, raising ethical questions about fairness and autonomy.
Frontline Stress
Working under severe stress. Concerning outlook for healthcare workers. Approx 20% of healthcare workers have depression, anxiety and PTSD.
Ethical issues in pandemic nursing
Fairness in resource allocation. Personal safety vs professional integrity. Re-narrated job description.
Ethical issues with healthcare workers online
Is dancing and lip-syncing a waste of pandemic resources. Nurse staff fired after posting with newborn baby, nurse placed on leave after revealing on tik tok she does not wear a mask at work. What’s ok to post and what’s not?
Icons
Images designed to actually resemble their subjects.
Closure
Observing the parts but perceiving the whole
Grawlixes
Typographical symbols like #$@! used to represent feelings, or states of mind or thoughts
Motion Lines
Show action, force, sound, speed or direction
The rhetorical situation
Rhetorical discourse is called into existence by an exigent situation capable of being modified discursively by an audience with the potential to mediate change. Shaped by exigence, audience and constraints.
Exigence
An imperfection marked by urgency (+ capable of being modified discursively).
Ex:
Chased by a hungry alligator
Touching a hot stove
Not enough people are voting
Audience
The rhetorical audience is capable of being moved: in attitude, in action, in knowledge
Constraints
Give shape to the message. Audiences can be moved, there are “heavy” and “light” audiences. Culture, language, expertise, timeliness - what else is going on?
Best practices for vaccine communication
pro vaccine communication is often ineffective and some well-intentioned efforts may backfire
Know your audience and tailor your message accordingly
Anticipate cognitive shortcuts such as confirmation bias
Tell stories - use narratives to engage your audience
Build trust and use credible communicators
Connect with people’s values
Remind people why we vaccinate
Be careful when using fear and shame based appeals
Fear of Contamination
“All true Americans must help to stop our governmental policy of poisoning the blood of babies” - Arguments like this use a strong sense of individual right sand links it to skepticism about the bacteriological approach to disease.
Fear of the irreparable
An irreparable consequence operates as a limit or boundary, that once crossed, cannot be recovered or undone, and therefore functions as a powerful source of fear, for example with vaccine hesitancy.
Quantity based vaccine arguments
Strength by numbers, durable, represent consensus, resist exceptions.
Quality based vaccine arguments
Find uniqueness, exceptions, outliers, the rare, and the exceptional and place value on them. Ex: the rare chance of hospitalization or death from disease AND the rare chance of side effects from vaccines.
Bodily Autonomy
The right to decide what happens to your own body
Disability rights movement
Built on organizing and civil disobedience strategies from the civil rights, LGBTQ and women’s rights movements. Focusing on the access to buildings, employment, education and opportunities for those with disabilities.
Moral Disability Model
Disability is a reflection of one’s character. Disability is a curse or punishment or disability is a gift providing special compensatory abilities (ex: the blind seer)
Medical Disability Model
Disability is located in an individuals’ body and the “problem” of disability is solved by modifying that body
Social Model of disability
Disability is produced by environments, policies, and ways of thinking that assume and/or require typical bodies. The “problem” of disability is solved by modifying environments, policies, attitudes. Ex: in a deaf community, deafness is not disabling, wheelchairs are not disabling until one encounters stairs or a curb.
Identity Model of Disability
Deaf culture, autistic communities, etc.. Shared stigma and exclusion creates a shared political identity
Supercrip/ Heroic overcomer
A disabled person used as an inspirational example for non-disabled people. “Inspiration porn”
Singer/ Johnson Debate
Johnson is a disability rights activist, Singer is a philosopher and bioethicist. Singer and “personhood”, personhood is defined by ability, not birth and person is not a descriptive label, but carries a moral standing. Every person had a right to life, a newborn baby nor a fish are a person so the wrongness of killing such beings is not as great as the wrongness of killing a person. Johnson challenges Singer’s belief of being able to eliminate a disabled baby while they are still in the womb. Singer wrote Johnson’s eulogy after her passing.
Quality of life
Usually measured through personal ratings of satisfaction in various life domains
Triage Guidelines
Direct how medical resources are distributed under conditions of scarcity. QALYs are used when determining these.
Aspects of scientific writing that contributed to dehumanization
Encouraging readers to dissociate themselves from the men (subjects). Reducing men to environments where disease takes place as objects that are acted upon.
Performative Speech
A sentence or speech that does something
Guatemala Syphilis Study
Deliberately infected patients
Features of Official Apologies
demonstrate recognition of the error
assumption of responsibility
moral distancing
Hypochondria
Patients are persuaded they are sick based on faulty evidence
Medical Student Syndrome
When medical students learn about new diseases and then are convinced they have them.
Harnessing the meaning response in a clinic
Speak positively (yet truthfully) about the therapy being prescribed
Provide encouragement and education to empower the individual to take positive action
develop relationships of trust, compassion and empathy
provide reassurance
Learn about the individual’s unique outlook, values, past experience and belief system
help the patient explore their own health-related value system
Ethical Critiques of enhancement
Is it fair? Can become compulsory. Unequal access reproduces social inequalities. Enhancement is a symptom of a competitive society. Enhancement reproduces dominant assumptions about what bodies / minds should be like. Lack of autonomy.
Sandel’s argument against enhancement
Enhancement reflect “hyperagency”. The real problem about genetic enhancement of a future child is not a lack of agency but perhaps too much agency? “Threatens to banish our appreciation of life as a gift and to leave us with nothing to affirm or behold outside our own will.
Note 
Flashcard (20)