Waves

Transverse wave

particle movement is perpendicular to energy movement

Longitudinal wave

particle movement is parallel to energy movement

compression

decrease in volume due to an applied force

rarefaction

particles spread apart, creating lower pressure and density

transverse

longitudinal

standing wave

standing wave

occur in strings, air columns, springs, microwaves

2 waves travel in opposite directions

Energy stays in place and it looks frozen

How do you change the wavelength of a strings instrument?

change length, tension, or thickness

Mechanical waves

needs medium

sound waves, water, transverse, longitudinal

electromagnetic waves

Can travel through space without a medium

Real Men In Venice Use Xtra Gravy

Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma

reflection

refraction

Reflection

wave bounces off a surface with staying the same medium

law of reflection: angle of incidence=angle of reflection

Refraction

bending of a wave when it enters a new medium

speed changes depending on medium

change in speed of a wave as it changes medium causes the wave to refract/bend

Diffraction

diffraction

bend of a wave as it passes through a small opening

wider the opening, wider the diffraction

constructive interference

destructive interference

constructive interference

in phase, 2 waves combine to create a greater wave

destructive interference

the waves cancel eachother

natural frequency

an object’s preffered frequency

resonance

A phenomenon in which an external force or a vibrating system forces another system around it to vibrate with greater amplitude at a specified frequency of operation

Doppler effect

Doppler effect

the change in the frequency (or pitch) of a wave—such as sound or light—detected by an observer because the source of the wave and the observer are moving relative to each other.

reverberation

continued sound after the source stops, caused by reflections in a space

wave pulse

single disurbance in a medium

node

points that don’t move

antinode

points that move

grams to meters

/1000

linear mass density

mass/length

theoretical speed

Root TensionForce/m/l

speed/wavelength/frequency

wavelength of fundamental frequency

lambda=2L/n

n=1

Find the frequency of # harmonic

f=n*f^1