Embalming Chem Final study guide

Qualitative

Properties that are subjective

Specific gravity

the density of a subject divided by the density of water

Inorganic chemistry

The branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon-containing compounds

Matter

A substance that makes up observable physical object

Composition

Constituents arranged in a particular manner that makes up something

Mass, Volume, and Dimensions

what we measure when it comes to discussing matter

Safety data sheet

provided by chemical manufacturers to communicate hazards in a standard format

Quantitative

when talking about matter what properties are objective

Density

what is the relationship between mass and volume occupied by that mass

Thantochemistry

the study of those physical changes in the human chemistry that are caused by the process of death

Exothermic

reaction where energy is lost to the environment

Compounds

substances composed of two or more elements chemically untied in a definite proportion by mass

Rigor Mortis

When a person dies, there is a decrease in adenosine triphosphate available. What causes it?

Suspension

a mixture of a solute and a solvent in which the size of the solute particles are too large and cannot pass through the filter or membranes

Electronegativity

term used to describe the tendency for an atom species to dominate the electrons in a bond

Electron

In the structure of an atom, what particle is negatively charged

Hydrogen bond

Allows life to exist on earth when referring to molecular structure

Dipole

a region of a molecule posing a negative and positive charge

Measurable for all substances

freezing point, boiling point, melting point

Embalming chemistry

the study associated those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains

A.J. Dodge

pertaining to embalming chemistry history, who was responsible for the use of a chemical lab to develop embalming chemicals

Solubility

the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent

Density= mass/ volume

equation for density

Safety data sheet

where can you find density of a chemical

7.3-7.5 pH

pH range for formaldehyde

7.35

blood pH

Bases

strength determined by the percentage of a substance to dissociate into positive ions and hydroxide ions describes what

Water conditioner

the Carboxylic Acid, function group has a purpose of what in the funeral home

Ions

What is commonly found in tap water that causes hard water

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond functional group

Concentrated

very near or at the solubility point

Phenol purpose

cauterant and bleaching agent

Hard water issues

coagulates blood

Index

the amount of formaldehyde gas (by mass in grams) present in 100 mL of solution

Hypotonic

Adds moisture to bodies

Hypertonic

removes moisture from cells

Arrhenius theory

acids are substances that produced hydrogen ions and bases produce hydroxide ions. Which theory is this?

Aldehyde functional group

disinfectant and preservative

Hypertonic

something more concentrated than its partner is

Carbon-carbon bond

most important bond in organic chemistry

Acidic pH

less than 7

Neutral pH

7

Basic pH

more than 7

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

Acid is a substance that donates a hydrogen proton to any substance

Alkanes

a series of compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms with single covalent bonds

Bases

strength is determined by the percentage that a substance dissociates in aqueous solution describes what

Ph

Potential of hydrogen

Buffers

what are used to help overcome pH differences by keeping pH at a stable range

Solvent and preservatives

the 'alcohol" functional group has a purpose of what in the funeral home

Organic chemicals

most embalming chemicals are composed of what kind of chemicals

Borates

Which of these are common embalming buffers

Free nitrogen

discolorations and odors associated with decomp are the result of

Acetone

found in embalming chemicals as a solvent, two methyl groups, a ketone functional group

Precipitating

the process where a solid substance forms and separates from a liquid solution within the embalming fluid essentially meaning a visible solid particle settles out of the embalming fluid

Primary amines

formed when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced by an alkyl or aromatic group, also produced by putrefaction

Esters

odorizing agent

Aldehyde

a carbonyl with a hydrogen and one functional group, found in preservatives and disinfectants

Pyrroles

five membered heterocyclic ring and an important sub-unit or 'heme', hemoglobin, and myoglobin

Ptomaines

funeral service term, amines that are considered to be intermediate products of decomp that contain

Sequestering

process of forming a stable, soluble complex by combining metalic ions with a reagent

Carboxylic

compounds and functional group that contains a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons

Cationic surfactant

has the ability to dissolve the lipid membranes of the cell. (increases penetration of embalming fluid, allows it to diffuse through the capillaries efficiently)

Surfactant

compounds that are used to lower the surface tension between two liquids

Methanol

added to commercial formaldehyde based embalming fluids as an anti-polymerant. Also extends shelf life

Chelating agent

a chemical compound that forms stable bonds with metal ions, making them more soluble and resistant to disassociation

Formalin

formaldehyde gas dissolved in solution at 37% by weight and 40% by volume

Methanal

common name for formaldehyde

Thioesters

ester with an oxygen replaced by a sulfur, responsible for the smell of hot springs and rotten eggs

Meth

single carbon

Eth

two carbons

Prop-

three carbons

But-

four carbons

Basic pH

greater than 7

Neutral pH

7

Acidic pH

less than 7

Density

Relationship between mass and volume occupied by that mass

Blood coagulates

issues caused by hard water

Algor mortis

postmortem temperature change of a body to ambient temperature, usually cooling to room temperature

A.J Dodge

responsible for use of a chemical lab to develop embalming chems

methyl alcohol

Used to stabilize embalming fluid to prolong shelf life

Carboxylic acid

used as a water conditioner

concentrated

very near or at the solubility point

Hypotonic

Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution

Phenol functional group

cauterant and bleaching agent

rigor mortis

chemical change that occurs postmortem

heterogenous

mixture which components are not uniform, minimum two phases are present

Acids

Bases

burns litmus paper blue, neutralizes acid, caustic taste, found in all physical forms

Amphoteric

a substance that can act as an acid or a base

Mask ions

how embalmers can remedy hard water

exothermic

reaction where energy is lost to the environment

Desiccant

a hygroscopic chemical that keeps something moist by absorbing moisture

methyl alcohol

also a wood alcohol

Properties

characteristics which substances can be identified

Acetone

found in embalming chemicals as a solvent, two methyl groups, a ketone functional group

Ptomaines

putrescine and cadaverine produced by

Proteins

break down into amino acids

Calcium oxalate

used to corral calcium from water and blood

Chelating

the process of forming a stable, soluble complex by combining metallic ions with a reagent

Urea

nitrogen based compound