Lecture 5: reporting responsibilities of infectious diseases

prevention effectiveness

epidemiology

laboratory

informatics

surveillance

what are the core services of public health

•Assessment of the health of communities

•Development of policy to address the health needs of communities

•Assurance of the health of the individuals who make up the communities

what are the major goals of public health?

states have authority based on the US constitution

-general welfare clause, interstate commerce clause

where does the legal authority for public health surveillance come from?

•disease or condition has interstate implications

•invited by a state

when does the CDC respond?

Health care providers, hospitals, and/or labs

who is responsible for reporting certain cases to local health departments

local health department

who is responsible for case investigation of infectious diseases

The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists

determines natioanlly notifiable diseases

herpes

notiiceably absent non-notifiable disease

•Cancer

•Carbon Monoxide poisoning

•Lead (elevated levels)

•Pesticide related illness and acute injury

•Silicosis

notifiable non-infectious diseases

( Covid, food borne illness, Rabies, Rubella

class A reportable diseases (within 24 hrs)

Hepatitis, pregnancy related HIV, syphilis, Zika

class B reportable diseases (within 1 business day)

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, HIV, Lyme

class C reportable ddiseases (5 business days)

noninfectious diseases

class D reportable diseases (5 business days)

•Smallpox

•Poliomyelitis (wild type)

•Human influenza caused by any new subtype

•Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

list the internationally notifiable diseases

•Physicians must balance patient confidentiality with the duty to protect the community

•This arises with several situations: Bioterrorism agents, epidemic disease, certain sexually transmitted infections, but also patients who are unable to safely operate a motor vehicle, and child abuse

how does public health collide with ethics?

assent

williingnesss to partiicipate but do not fall under informed consent bc:

•Age below the legal age to consent, but can understand the possible risks and benefits

•Consent is obtained from a parent or legal guardian

yes

•Encourage the minor to include parents or guardians

can minors request confidential services?

•Contraceptive services

•Pregnancy-related care

•Treatment for sexually transmitted infections

•Drug and alcohol abuse

•Mental illness

times when a minor does not need consent

no

can you screen for STI without iniformed consent?

no

•Can the patient refuse to allow the student health clinic to release the results to the public health department?

tarrant county hospital distriict v. Hughes

•A hospital disclosed names and addresses of blood donors in a wrongful death suit after a patient contracted AIDS from a transfusion at the hospital

•Someone on the list sued the hospital based on patient privacy

•Essentially, the plaintiff's right to privacy was overridden by the need to maintain an effective blood donor program

the welfare of the people is the supere law

Salus popuuli suprema lex esto means