Review for the Test

WWI, Russian Revolution, The Armenian Genocide, The Treaty of Versailles, Lenin, Stalin

What were the causes of World War I?

M- Militarism

A- Alliances

I- Imperialism

N- Nationalism

Which of the 4 causes (M.A.I.N.) goes with each statement?

• Militarism- a nation builds up its weapons of war

• Alliances- nations promised to defend each other if war broke out

• Imperialism- countries were building empires and gaining control of weaker nations

• Nationalism- nations have an intense loyalty and sometimes have a hatred for other nations

When did WWI occur?

1914-1918

What countries made up the Triple Entente?

United Kingdom, France, and Russia

What countries made up the Central Powers?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

What new weapons of war were used during WWI and what was the result?

Tanks, machine guns, poison gas, submarines

What is trench warfare?

Both sides dug a series of trenches to protect themselves from enemy fire. Most of WWI, especially in the Western Front in France and Belgium, was fought through trench warfare.

What is propaganda and how was it used during WWI?

Information used to influence people’s decisions and to increase support towards the war effort.

What is total war?

Where nations are willing to make any sacrifices necessary to win. There are no limits to the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the goals, Both civilians and soldiers are targeted.

What treaty ended WWI?

The Treaty of Versailles- the Paris peace talks were held to establish the terms of the peace.

What were President Wilson’s 14 points?

President Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace with the first point being, “Open covenants [agreements] of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.”

What was the League of Nations and why was it formed?

President Wilson’s plan included the planned formation of the League of Nations which would serve both as an international forum and an international collective security arrangement. Wilson believed it would prevent future wars. The U.S. never joined for fear it would drag us into future wars.

Under the terms of the WWI peace treaty, what was Germany required to do?

Germany was forced to accept the terms of the peace treaty which punished them for their part in the war. Germany was required to pay reparations to the countries they attacked and Germany lost territories in Western Europe.

What were the causes of the Russian Revolution?

• The living and working conditions of the peasants

• Working conditions of industrial workers- led to Bloody Sunday

• Corruption of the Czar’s family (Rasputin as an advisor)

• March Revolution

• Growth of factories brought new problems and workers formed unions

What kind of a leader was Czar Nicholas II?

Czar Nicholas was weak and ineffective. He did not listen to the people and was caught up in his family life. He kept Russia in WWI and millions of soldiers died

What were the results of the Russian Revolution? Who came to power? What kind of government was put in place?

The Bolsheviks came to power and put communism in place under their leader Vladimir Lenin

Who was the Civil War in Russia between? Who won?

The Mensheviks (Whites/Imperialists) and the Bolsheviks (Reds/Communists). The Reds won after years of fighting.

What was the NEP under Lenin? Was it effective?

Lenin’s New Economic Policy where some private ownership was allowed and peasants were able to work their land. Lenin realized that government control of farms and jobs did not work and was hurting Russia’s economy.

What is totalitarianism?

When government has total control of religion, the press, jobs, education, and family.

Who was Joseph Stalin and how did he rule the USSR?

“Man of Steel”- he was a Communist and used Totalitarianism to make Russia into the first state inspired by Karl Marx’s ideas. He set Russia on a path of industrialization.

How did Stalin use propaganda to control the people of the USSR?

Joseph Stalin used propaganda to influence the beliefs and actions of the Russian people. The Soviets censored ideas that they did not agree with, especially those that they viewed as anti-Marxists or anti-Communist. The government used radio, posters, movies, lectures, art, education, newspapers, books, and theatre to influence the opinions of Soviet citizens and to put a positive spin on the government’s actions.

What was the purpose of Stalin’s Five-Year Plan?

Stalin thought that the Soviet Union needed to catch up with the rest of the world’s industrial output and transportation technology. Stalin created a series of “Five-Year Plans” starting in the late 1920s. These plans set high production goals for industries like mining, railroads, electric plants and manufacturers.

What is collectivization? Was is successful?

A policy called forced collectivization was intended to increase agricultural output from large government-owned farms created through the integration of smaller private farms. It was not successful- it led to a drastic drop in living standards for many peasants, and caused violent reactions by the peasantry that was heavily suppressed by the Red Army.

What caused the famine in Ukraine?

All grain was taken from areas that did not meet production targets set by Stalin’s Five Year Plans. This event included the next year’s seed grain, leaving the peasants with nothing to eat. They were forced to remain in these starving areas. This resulted in entire villages being wiped out in some areas.

What is a command economy?

All of the economic decisions are made by the Central government.

What was the Armenian Genocide?

The killing of Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire (1914-1922)

Why were the Armenians targeted by the Ottoman Empire? What was the result?

The Armenians were targeted because of their Christian religion. The majority of people living in the Ottoman Empire were Muslim. The result was the death of almost 2 million Armenian people, mostly men, many of whom were executed by Ottoman soldiers. Another result was the forced removal of women and children to places like Syria.