Bio 30 - CNS & PNS

Components of the CNS & PNS and parts of the brain

True or False: The central nervous system is completely myelinated

False

What are the two main components of the central nervous system?

spinal cord and brain

True or False: The spinal cord consists of white matter on the outside and grey matter on the inside

True

True or False: The brain consists of grey matter on the outside and white matter on the inside

True

What are the 3 key components that protect the CNS?

Bones, cerebrospinal fluid, and connective tissue

What are the bones that protect the CNS?

Cranium (skull) and Vertebrae

What does Cerebrospinal fluid do?

absorb shock and acts as a transport medium for neurotransmitters

What are the 3 components of connective tissue?

Dura matter, arachnoid, pia matter

Where do sensory neurons enter the spinal cord?

On the dorsal side

Where do sensory neurons exit the spinal cord?

On the ventral side

What happens if sensory neurons in the spinal cord are severed?

movement continues, but no feeling

What happens if the motor neurons in the spinal cord are severed?

feeling continues, but no movement

Damage to the spinal cord results in what?

complete paralysis (no movement, no feeling)

What are the 4 components of the cerebral cortex?

• associated with higher level thinking

• found on the outer layer of the cerebrum

• composed of grey matter

• has many fissures (folds)

What are the 2 hemispheres of the brain?

• left and right brain

• coordinate together to operate and control the body

Components of the hind brain

• Posterior to the midbrain

• connects directly to the spinal cord

• used in basic autonomic tasks

Components of the Medulla Oblongata

• Posterior of the hind brain

• joins the spinal cord to the cerebellum

• is a connection between the CNS and the PNS

  • controls involuntary muscle action

  • is the coordination centre for the autonomic nervous system

Components of the Pons

• A relay station

• Passes info between the two regions of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata

Components of the cerebellum

• located below the 2 cerebral hemispheres

• largest part of the brain

• controls limb movement, balance, and muscle tone and coordination

Components of the mid brain

• Just below the thalamus

• Entirely grey matter

• relay centre for some eye and ear reflexes

Components of the forebrain

• Receives and interprets everything from the external environment

• Makes you who you are

Components of the cerebrum

• largest part of the forebrain

What is the left side of the brain linked to?

• logic and language

• controls the right side of the body

What is the right side of the brain linked to?

• Intuition and creativity

• spacial awarness and visual patterns

Components of the corpus callosum

• nerve track that connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain

  • allows communication between them

Cerebral cortex components

• Surface of the cerebrum

• composed of grey matter

• many folds to increase surface area

Frontal lobe components

• motor areas control movement of voluntary muscles

• association areas are linked to intellectual activity and personality

Parietal lobe components

• Deals with touch and awareness

• emotion

• interpreting speech

Occipital lobe components

• Deals with vision

Temporal lobe components

• vision

• hearing

• memory

• interpretation of sensory information

Thalamus components

• relay station →directs incoming sensory information to the correct parts of the cerebrum

• allows for consciousness

• deals with all senses except smell

Hypothalamus components

• makes up a small portion

• plays a large role in maintaining equilibrium

• direct connection with the pituitary gland

  • pituitary gland connects with the NS and Endocrine system

• Coordinates nerve and hormone functions

Olfactory bulbs components

• Deals with smell