PPC Exam 2

Metformin drug class

Biguanide

Metformin ER drug class

Biguanide

Glipizide drug class

sulfonylurea

Glipizide ER drug class

Sulfonylurea

Pioglitazone drug class

TZD

Sitagliptin drug class

DPP-4 inhibitor

Empagliflozin drug class

SGLT-2-inhibitor

All of the oral diabetes agents are used for...

T2DM

Metformin brand name

Glucophage

Glucophage generic name

Metformin

Metformin ER brand names

Glucophage XR and Glumetza

Glucophage ER and Glumetza generic name

Metformin ER

Glipizide brand names

Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL

Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL generic name

Glipizide

Pioglitazone brand name

Actos

Actos generic name

Pioglitazone

Sitagliptin brand name

Januvia

Januvia generic name

Sitagliptin

Empagliflozin brand name

Jardiance

Jardiance generic name

Empagliflozin

Liraglutide drug class

GLP-1 agonist

Semaglutide drug class

GLP-1 agonist

Insulin aspart drug class

Prandial (bolus) insulin

Insulin lispro drug class

prandial (bolus) insulin

Insulin Glulisine drug class

Prandial (bolus) insulin

Insulin Regular drug class

Prandial (bolus) insulin

Insulin Glargine drug class

Basal Insulin

Insulin NPH drug class

Basal Insulin

Liraglutide brand name

Victoza

Victoza generic name

Liraglutide

Semaglutide brand name

Ozempic

Ozempic generic name

Semaglutide

Insulin Aspart brand name

Novolog

Novolog generic name

Insulin Glargine

Insulin Lispro brand name

Humalog

Humalog generic name

Insulin Lispro

insulin glulisine brand name

Apidra

Insulin Glargine brand names

Lantus, Basaglar, Toujeo

Lantus, Basaglar, and Toujeo generic name

Insulin Glargine

Insulin NPH brand names

Humulin N, Novolin N

Humulin N and Novolin N generic name

Insulin NPH

Insulin regular brand names

Humulin R, Novolin R

Name all of the oral diabetes agents

Metformin, Metformin ER, Glipizide, Glipizide ER, Pioglitazone, Sitagliptin, and Empagliflozin

Adverse effects of biguanides

GI issues and Lactic Acidosis

monitoring/patient counseling for biguanides

take with meals,

weight neutral or modest loss,

titrate to reduce GI side effects

Which drug class is the go-to for T2DM?

Biguanides

Adverse Effects of Sulfonylureas

hypoglycemia and weight gain

monitoring/patient counseling for Sulfonylureas

Take before a meal and monitor for hyper/hypoglycemia

monitoring/patient counseling for sulfonylureas

do not use in patients with abnormal liver function or heart failure

Adverse Effects of TZD's

weight gain, edema, fracture risk

adverse effects of DPP-4 inhibitors

allergic reaction, acute pancreatitis, URTIs, joint pain

monitoring/patient counseling for DPP-4 inhibitors

monitor for symptoms of hypoglycemia

Adverse effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors

electrolyte abnormalities, increased urination, UTI/yeast infection, acute renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis

SGLT-2 inhibitors are effective in patients with....

comorbidities

monitoring/patient counseling for SGLT-2 inhibitors

monitor for UTI/yeast infection, stay hydrated to prevent hypotension, may cause increased thirst and urination

In addition to T2DM, what other FDA labeled uses do SGLT-2 inhibitors have?

CV disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease

What medications are used for type 1 diabetes (and needed daily)

basal insulins and bolus insulins

What injectables are used for type 2 diabetes?

Liraglutide and Semaglutide

Liraglutide (GLP-1 agonist) adverse effects

GI effects and hypoglycemia

Semaglutide (GLP-1 agonist) adverse effects

GI effects, abdominal pain, decreased appetite

do not use GLP-1 agonists in patients with....

endocrine cancers or history of pancreatitis

GLP-1 agonists are administered as a.....

subcutaneous injection

monitoring/patient counseling for GLP-1 agonists

titrate dosing, administer once weekly, hydrate to prevent renal failure

Dosing of Liraglutide

once daily at consistent time, independent of meals

Dosing of semaglutide

once weekly

Liraglutide is used in what age patients?

patients 10+ years

Semaglutide is used in what age patients?

adults

Aside from T2DM, what is the other FDA labeled indication for liraglutide

CV disease

Aside from T2DM, what is the other FDA-labeled indication for semaglutide

CV disease and chronic kidney disease

What is the first type of insulin used in a T2DM patient?

Basal insulin

Administration for insulin glargine

once daily at a consistent time, take with meal

administration for insulin NPH

Administer once daily at a consistent time, take wih meal

what is the second type of insulin used in a T2DM patient?

bolus insulin

Administration and counseling for bolus insulin

must be taken with a meal, rotate injection site

FDA-labeled indications for bolus and basal insulins

T1DM and T2DM

adverse effects of insulin aspart

hypoglycemia, headache, nausea/vomiting

adverse effects of insulin lispro

hypoglycemia and nausea/vomiting

adverse effects of insulin Glulisine

hypoglycemia and nausea/vomiting

adverse effects of insulin regular

hypoglycemia and nausea/vomiting

adverse effects of basal insulin

hypoglycemia

Amoxicillin brand name

Amoxil

Amoxil generic name

Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate brand name

Augmentin

Augmentin generic name

amoxicillin/clavulanate

Cephalexin brand name

Keflex

Keflex generic name

cephalexin

Cefdinir brand name

Omnicef

Omnicef generic name

Cefdinir

Azithromycin brand names

Zithromax, Z-Pak

Zithromax, Z-Pak generic name

Azithromycin

Ciprofloxacin brand name

Cipro

Cipro generic name

Ciprofloxacin

Doxycycline brand name

Vibramycin

Vibramycin generic name

Doxycycline

Clindamycin brand name

Cleocin

Cleocin generic name

Clindamycin

Metronidazole brand name

Flagyl

Flagyl generic name

Metronidazole

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim brand name

Bactrim, Bactrim DS

Bactrim, Bactrim DS generic name

Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim