Chapter #4: Cell Biology - Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Structure

function: movement

Eukaryotic structure: flagella/cilia/pseudopod

Prokaryotic structure: flagella

protections for internal structures and monitor what comes in and out of the cell

Eukaryotic structure: plasma/cell membrane

Prokaryotic structure: cell membrane

protection for the cell from loss of nutrients, dehydration, etc.

Eukaryotic structure: Glycocalyx (aka sugar coat)

Prokaryotic structure: capsule/slime layer (glycocalyx)

provides structure and shape and protection from osmotic shock

Eukaryotic structure: cell wall

Prokaryotic structure: cell wall (bacteria - peptidoglycan)

synthesizes proteins and synthesizes lipids and ships to the GA

Eukaryotic structure: Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough)

Prokaryotic structure: synthesis happens at the cell membrane

“packages” and modifies proteins/lipids before sending it to the final destination

Eukaryotic structure: Golgi apparatus

Prokaryotic structure: happens at the cell membrane/ periplasm (secretory systems)

used to transport thing into and out of the cell/ around the cell

Eukaryotic structure: Vesicles (various)

Prokaryotic structure: ejection of wastes occur at the cell membrane

storage of DNA and some RNA (where DNA replication and transcription occurs)

Eukaryotic structure: nucleus

Prokaryotic structure: nucleoid region (middle of cytoplasm)

Subunits: 60s and 40s / translation of mRNA into proteins

Eukaryotic structure: 80s ribosomes

Prokaryotic structure: 70s ribosomes (50s and 30s)

produces ATP to power the cell / cellular respiration occurs here

Eukaryotic structure: mitochondria

Prokaryotic structure: synthesis occurs at the cell membrane

houses photosynthetic pigments (light is converted to energy which is converted to sugars)

Eukaryotic structure: chloroplasts

Prokaryotic structure: happens at the thyliakoid membranes within the cell membrane

involved in cellular and nuclear division/ made of two centrioles/ involved in mitosis

Eukaryotic structure: Centrosomes

Prokaryotic structure: nothing

supports cytoplasmic matrix that houses organelles / provides support for shape, movement, and is involved in cellular division

Eukaryotic structure: cytoskeletal filaments

Prokaryotic structure: cytoskeletal filaments

protection against osmotic shock

Eukaryotic structure: contractile vacuoles ( typically found in organisms that lack a cell wall and only have a cell membrane)

Prokaryotic structure: nothing (cell wall protects them