EMT MIDTERM STUDY

The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the

medical director

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on

medical director approval.

According to the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, an EMT should be able to:

assist a patient with certain prescribed medications.

Which of the following scenarios involves the administration of ALS?

A 48-year-old patient whose airway is secured with a supraglottic device

A 75-year-old male with a terminal illness has died at home. As you and your partner enter the residence, a family member becomes verbally abusive, pushes you, and states that you took too long to get there. You should:

retreat and notify law enforcement personnel.

Which of the following statements would not be appropriate to say to the family of a dying patient

things will get better in time

Prescription glasses do not provide adequate eye protection because they

offer little or no side protection.

Vectorborne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via

animals or insects

As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of:

another EMT:

Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Act (HIPAA) most affects EMS personnel?

Protecting patient privacy.

All of the following are considered to be protected health information (PHI) except

location of the call.

When caring for a 65-year-old male with respiratory distress, you place him in a comfortable position but do not apply oxygen.

negligence.

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist?

A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

A __________ receives messages and signals and on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency.

repeater

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be

brief and easily understood.

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT:

gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse

A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seuizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should:

ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.

A woman amputated the tip of her finger. Which directional term should be used to describe her location?

Distal

In the recovery position, the patient is

on his or her side.

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the _____________ forearm.

Distal

Enlargment of the liver is called

hepatomegaly

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord.

As the bronchus divides into smaller bronchioles, the terminal ends of these smaller passages form the

alveoli.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents

ventricular contraction

Which of the following arteries does not carry highly oxygenated blood?

pulmonary

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

endocrine

Breathing occurs as the result of a

increase in carbon dioxide, which decreases the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

The diaphragm is innervated by the __________ nerve, which allows is it contract.

phrenic

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 40 years of age is typically:

70 beats/ min

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

After applying medical restraints to a combative patient, you should

remove them only after hospital personnel have requested you to do so.

The first rule of safe lifting is to

keep your back in a straight, vertical position.

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should:

keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

Capnography is used to

determine how much carbon dioxide is being exhaled.

A palpable pulse is created by

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

If you cannot a palpate a pulse in a unresponsive patient whose collapse was not witnessed, you should:

immediately being CPR

When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints, the EMT's responsibility is to

determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life.

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by:

decreased blood oxygen

Which of the following is an example of a symptom

headache

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

44%

Inhalation occurs when the:

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure.

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare.

Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?

Deep respirations.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite inadequate oxygenation

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen, if needed and contacting medical control, you should:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan) in a suspected narcotic overdose?

slow respirations.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

prevents the aggregation of platelets.

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related-chest pain:

relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT:

absent peripheral pulses.

Distributive shock occurs when:

widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of:

plasma

A 19-year-old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should.

repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock?

bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels and vasodilation.

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival?

Rapid transport to a trauma center.

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:

move the patch to another area of the patient's chest and then properly apply the AED pad.

Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR

dependent blood pooling

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur

if you ventilate a patient too quickly.

After an advanced airway devices has been inserted during two-rescuer CPR, you should

deliver one rescue breath ever 6 seconds.

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they

cough.

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin.

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

stridor

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40 F. On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breath on the basis of low oxygen levels

The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by

chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the

carotid arteries

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following EXCEPT:

hypertension.

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient include.

placing her in an upright position.

Acute myocardial infarction occurs when

myocardial tissues dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

Which of the following is major difference between angina pectoris and AMI?

Anginal pain typically subsides with rest.

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when

a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or se

has bleeding within the brain.

Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include

arm drift, speech and facial droop.

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the

foramen magnum

A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by

severe twitching of all the body's muscles.

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/ min and weak and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect her airway from aspiration.

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who.

Consume a lot of alcohol.

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

Liver

Diabetes is MOST accurately defines as a

disorder or glucose metabolism.

Diabetic ketacidosis occurs when

insulin is not available in the body.

The normal blood glucose level is between:

80-120 mg/dL

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level.

Ketone production is the result of

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable.

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within __________ following adminstration

1 minute.

The stinger from a honeybee should be

scraped away from the skin.

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

Stridor.

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems.

Activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested

aspirin.

EMTs are dispatched for a teenage male who is "not acting right." When they arrive, they are informed that the patient was huffing. Several cans of Freon are found near the patient. Which of the following is unique consideration for this patient?

a sudden adrenaline release can cause a fatal dysrhythmia

A construction worker complains of intense pains after a bag of dry power was spilled on his arm. The EMT should:

brush the chemical from his arm and then flush the skin with water.

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

oxycodone (Percocet)

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen, and hydrocodone. The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shall, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include.

assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan)

Deliirum tremens (DTs) is a syndrome associated with withdrawal from

alcohol.

____________ is what you can see of a person's response to the environment.

behavior

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is

depression

You respond to a call for an unknown emergency. When you arrive at the scene, the patient's husband meets you at the door and states that his wife has been depressed and has locked herself in an upstairs bedroom. He further tells you that he keeps his handgun in the bedroom. You should:

remain in a safe place and request law enforcement.

A patient with a history of schizophrenia called EMS because he was experiencing the abdominal pain. When law enforcement arrived, the patient became violent, necessitating the placement of handcuffs. When you assess the patient, he tells you that killing someone will make his abdominal pain go away. His vital signs are stable. How should you manage this situation?

Request a police officer to accompany you in the ambulance.