Childhood Development— early childhood flashcards :3

Magical thinking

Believing in magic as an explanation (ex. Batman helping free God’s people from the pharaoh)

Animistic thinking

Assigning human like experiences and emotions to inanimate objects (ex. crying because the leafs don’t want to fall down, sleeping with different stuffed animals)

Symbolic thinking

playing make believe with items that symbolize something else (ex. a wooden stick is a pirate sword)

Centration

The child only focuses on one aspect of a certain situation (2 quarters is better than a dollar because 2 > 1)

Egocentrism (centration)

Thinks only about self (ex. my teacher wants a dora lunch box because *I* want a dora lunch box!)

Principle of conservation

Focus on appearance (ex. the tall glass has more liquid, the longer line has more quarters)

Static reasoning

The idea in a child’s head that nothing will ever change! (ex. wanting her friend to be her flower girl at her wedding, not understanding that her friend wont be small forever)

Theory theory

Needing a theory for everything! Understanding the world around them (develops around age 4 1/2) (also needing to tell everyone everything once they know, like the punchline of a joke)

Theory of mind

Being able to understand that other people exist (ex. Ms. Gracie likes sparkling water, I will get her a sparkling water)

Helping factors to theory of mind?

Bilingual, siblings, conservation

What is the sensitive period for language?

2-6 yrs

How many words at age 2 vs how many words at age 6

500 vs 10,000

Fast mapping

Quickly learning words, not always getting the meaning right (ex. asking dad if he is retired)

Private speech

Outside speech then inside thought (ex. counting out loud to help with the large overload of information from the brain)

What are the pros and cons of raising someone bilingual?

Pros —> communicate with more people, experience culture, good time to do it (much much easier to learn)

Cons (myth!) —> Causes confusion, code switching, doesn’t know more words in one language

Over regulation (language)

Missing grammar rules (ex. I ated at the park)

Literal interpretation (language)

Taking phrases seriously (ex. eye on the ball, actually putting their eye on the ball)

Vygotsky

Scaffolding (model w/ help!)

Piaget

Private speech is a sign of immature thinking (possibly debunked?)

Reading as decoding (Phological processing)

sounding out words to phonically read the letters! (B-A-T)

Authoritarian parenting style

Strict! Tough boundaries and experiences

Authoratative parenting style

Gentle parenting, explains boundaries and consequences

permissive parenting style

No boundaries, no discipline, eh do whatever

Initiative vs guilt

Children are able to develop a sense of purpose! But also begin to consider guilt (especially if heavily scrutinized)

Extrinsic motivation

Children act for external rewards (Ex. money, praise, good grades)

Intrinsic motivation

Internal motivation, doing things because they want to

protective optimism

I can do no wrong! (Jumping, failing, and trying again)