BJU Fith Edition BIology ch 14

Cellulose

The primary structural compound in plant cell walls, composed of long chains of glucose molecules.

Cuticle

A waxy protective coating, secreted by the epidermal cells of a plant, on the surface of stems, leaves, and fruits.

Alteration of generations

A plant reproductive strategy that includes alternating spore-forming and gamete-forming stages.

Vascular

Of plants, having tissues capable of transporting water.

Nonvascular

Of plants, lacking tissues that can transport water.

Gymnosperm

A vascular plant that produces unenclosed seeds, usually in cones.

Angiosperm

A vascular plant that produces flowers and fruits with seeds.

Bryophyte

A nonvascular plant in the group that includes mosses, hornworts, and liverworts.

Dermal tissue

Any of the tissues that form the outer layer of a plant or other organism.

Epidermis

In plants, the outer layer of cells that usually lack chlorophyll and serve for protection, including the secretion of the cuticle.

Cork

In woody plants, a thick, tough layer of dead epidermal cells that supports the weight of the plant.

Vascular tissue

In plants, the tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant.

Xylem

In plants, the type of vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Phloem

In plants, the type of vascular tissue that transports food in the form of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Ground tissue

All the tissues in a plant that are not dermal, meristematic, or vascular tissue.

Meristematic tissue

Undifferentiated cells found in the fast-growing parts of plants, such as root tips and new leaves (C).

Blade

The broad part of a plant leaf.

Petiole

The small stalk that connects a leaf to the stem of a plant.

Stoma

A small opening in the underside of the leaf that regulates gas exchange.

Guard cell

A modified epidermal cell that opens and closes a stoma.

Vascular bundle

In plants, a bundle composed of both xylem and phloem; also called a vein.

Node

A point along a plant stem where a leaf, branch, or flower is produced.

Internode

The region between nodes on a plant stem (B).

Bud

An undeveloped shoot located at the node on a plant stem.

Cork cambium

A layer of meristematic cells that replace the epidermis in woody plant stems.

Lenticel

An area of porous tissue in the surface of a woody plant stem that allows for gas exchange with the environment.

Vascular cambium

A layer of meristematic cells located between the xylem and phloem in the woody stems of plants that produces new vascular tissues.

Annual ring

A visible ring caused by yearly growth in the vascular cambium; seen in a cross-section of a woody stem.

Pith

The spongy ground tissue located in the center of an herbaceous root plant system.

Taproot system

A root system consisting of a large, main root (the taproot) from which smaller roots branch.

Fibrous root system

A root system lacking a taproot and consisting of many small roots that come straight from a stem.

Gametophyte

The haploid stage in the alteration of generations life cycle of plants, during which gametes are produced.

Sporophyte

The diploid stage in the alteration of generations life cycle of plants, during which spores are produced.

Frond

The leaf of a fern plant.

Sorus

A structure on the underside of a fern frond that houses and protects the fern's sporangia.

Petal

A flower structure located just inside the sepals that is often large, conspicuous, and scented.

Sepal

Leaf-like structure that protects a flower bud while forming and supports the flower after blooming.

Pedicel

The stalk that connects a flower to the rest of the plant.

Receptacle

The thickened top potion of a pedicel that supports the actual parts of a flower.

Stamen

The male reproductive structure of a flower; produces pollen.

Carpel

The female reproductive structure of a flower.

Ovule

A structure in a plant ovary that contains the egg cell and will mature into a seed (7.).

Double fertilization

In plants, the fertilization of both the egg cell and the polar bodies, which later form the endosperm.

Endosperm

The stored food inside a plant seed.

Cotyledon

A structure within a plant seed that nourishes the developing embryo and may, upon germination of the seed, become the seedling's first leaves.

Monocot

Any flowering plant whose embryo has one cotyledons.

Dicot

Any flowering plant whose embryo has two cotyledons.

Germinate (Germination)

The beginning of growth by seed, spore, bud, or other structure after a period of dormancy.

Fruit

A ripened plant ovary with or without seeds.

three

Most arthropods have bodies that are divided into \__________ sections.

pincer-like mouth parts

Which characteristic do all chelicerates have?

They have three body segments, they have one pair of antennae, and they have compound eyes

Which of the following is true about insects

mouth

What parts of an insect's body most reflects the way it gets nutrition?

rid itself of nitrogen-containing wastes

An insect's Malpighian tubules allow it to?

pheromones

Insects find mates through the use of chemicals known as

Eliminating the use of pesticides

Which of the following ways does not allow people to wisely control and use insects?

True

Arthropoda is the largest phylum within kingdom Animalia ( T/F)

True

The first two body segments of an arthropod may be fused into a cephalothorax T/F

True

Chelicerae are pincer-like appendages found on ticks, scorpions, and spiders. T/F

False

After laying their eggs, chelicerates give no further parental care to their offspring T/F

False

Crustaceans are strictly marine animals. T/F

False

Crabs that live primarily on land have primitive lungs in place of gills T/F

True

Most crustaceans reproduce sexually and practice external fertilization. T/F

True

Many crustaceans provide a benefit to their environment by feeding on detritus or scavenging carcasses, thus helping to recycle nutrients. T/F

True

The number, arrangement, and kind of wings that an insect has are used to help classify it T/F

False

Like spiders, insects breathe with the help of book lungs T/F

True

A particularly vital tole that insects play with regard to humans is as pollinators of food crops. T/F

all arthropods have

jointed appendages

insects

wings

pedipalps

chelicerates

crustaceans

swimmerets

chelicerates

no antennae

all arthropods

segmented bodies

all arthropods are

exoskeletons made out of chitin

insects

One pair of antennae

spinnerets

chelicerates

crustaceans

Two pair of antennae

chitin

Arthropods have exoskeletons made of

compound eyes

Some arthropods have eyes made up of thousands of individual lenses known as

pedipalp

Chelicerates have a modified pair of appendages used for eating, mating, and sensing their environment. These modified appendages are known as

spinneret

Spider silk is produced by an organ called

carapace

The crustacean cephalothorax is covered by a single plate called a

Chelipeds

The first three pairs of crustacean walking legs often exhibit claws known as

open

insects have\___________circulatory systems

ovipositor

Females insects lay their eggs through an extension of their last body segment known as a

Aquatic chelicerates reproduce sexually through external fertilization. Terrestrial chelicerates reproduce with internal fertilization

Describe the difference in reproduction between aquatic and terrestrial chelicerates

Ticks and mites

What two kinds of chelicerates typically live as parasites

To crush their food

What function do a crustacean's mandibles serve?

They are an important part of the food chain

How do krill server as ecosystem engineers?

They can be parasitic and be vectors for diseases or effect agriculture.

Identify an instance in which insects can negatively impact humans.

B. Raptors

Large wings, hooked beak, and strong grasping talons are typical of \__________.

A. Rabbit

Assuming that each of the following weigh approximately the same, which animal is likely to eat the most?

D. Freezing to death

A bird without down feathers probably wouldn't last very long. What would be its most likely cause of death?

C. Air sacs

What prevents a bird from overheating?

C. Cloaca

Since birds don't have a bladder, a bird's kidneys release its nitrogenous wastes into its \__________.

C. duller

Which term best describes the typical feather pattern and coloration of a female bird compared to the male?

A. Sheep

Which of the following animals would have a rumen?

C. Arctic tundra

The singing vole (Microtus miurus) possesses a dense coat of fur and very small ears. Where is its likely habitat?

A. Fat

In mammals, insulation is generally provided by fur and \__________.

B. Plants

What is the likely diet of a mammal with a multi-chambered stomach and a large cecum?