Organic Chemistry Functional Group Practice

Alcohol

-OH (hydroxy group)

Aldehyde

C=O (carbonyl group)

Alkane

single bond (not functional group)

Alkene

double bond

Alkyne

triple bond

Amide

-CONH2, -CONHR, -CONR2

Amine

-NH2 (amino group)

Anhydride

Aromatic compound

phenyl group

carboxyl (Acidic)

-COOH

Ester

-COOR

Ketone

-C=O (carbonyl group)

hydroxyl

carbonyl

amino

sulfhydryl

phosphate

hydroxyl

alcohol as in ethanol;

polar, forms hydrogen bond;

present in sugars, some amino acids

carbonyl

aldehyde as in formaldehyde;

ketone as in acetone;

polar;

present in sugars

carboxyl (acidic)

carboxylic acid as in acetic acid;

polar, acidic;

present in fatty acids, amino acids

amino

amine as in tryptophan;

polar, basic, forms hydrogen bonds;

present in amino acids

sulfhydryl

thiol as in ethanethiol;

forms disulfide bonds;

present in some amino acids

phosphate

organic phosphate as in phosphorylated molecules;

polar, acidic;

present in nucleotides, phospholipids