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Alcohol
-OH (hydroxy group)

Aldehyde
C=O (carbonyl group)

Alkane
single bond (not functional group)

Alkene
double bond

Alkyne
triple bond

Amide
-CONH2, -CONHR, -CONR2

Amine
-NH2 (amino group)

Anhydride

Aromatic compound
phenyl group

carboxyl (Acidic)
-COOH

Ester
-COOR

Ketone
-C=O (carbonyl group)

hydroxyl

carbonyl

amino

sulfhydryl

phosphate

hydroxyl
alcohol as in ethanol;
polar, forms hydrogen bond;
present in sugars, some amino acids
carbonyl
aldehyde as in formaldehyde;
ketone as in acetone;
polar;
present in sugars
carboxyl (acidic)
carboxylic acid as in acetic acid;
polar, acidic;
present in fatty acids, amino acids
amino
amine as in tryptophan;
polar, basic, forms hydrogen bonds;
present in amino acids
sulfhydryl
thiol as in ethanethiol;
forms disulfide bonds;
present in some amino acids
phosphate
organic phosphate as in phosphorylated molecules;
polar, acidic;
present in nucleotides, phospholipids