Energy flows
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22 Terms
Producers
Organisms that make their own food
Biomass
The mass of living and chemical energy stored in the plant
Drymass
Mass of the organism with the water removed
What are the sugars produced in photosynthesis used for?
respiration to release energy for growth and to make biological molecules
What makes the plant’s biomass?
The biological molecules like cellulose
How is energy transferred through organisms?
Organisms eating other organisms
How is Dry mass measured?
Organism is dried in an oven at a low temperature. Sample is weighed at regular intervals.
How do you know that the water is removed from the organism?
When the mass is constant
How much of the dry mass is taken up as mass of carbon?
50%
What percentage of energy that reaches the Earth’s surface actually becomes fixed into biomass by photosynthesis?
1%
Why is only 1% of energy that reaches Earth’s surface fixed into biomass by photosynthesis?
Light energy lands on tarmac, some light energy is the wrong wavelength and is reflected, some is transmitted through the leaf, some will be dissipated as heat.
Gross Primary Production
Total amount of chemical energy converted from light energy by plants in a given area and time.
Respiratory loss
50% of GPP is lost to the environment as heat when plants respire
Net Primary Production
The remaining chemical energy not used in respiration
Equation for Net primary production
NPP=GPP-R
What is Calorimetry used for?
To estimate the amount of chemical energy stored in biomass by burning the biomass
How is energy measured?
The amount of heat given off. Food source is ignited and the temperature change of the water is measured.
Why is only Dry biomass used in Calorimetry?
No energy content in water content
What is NPP?
Biomass used for growth and available to the next trophic level
What percentage of energy is transferred between trophic levels?
10%
Why is only 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels?
egestion (faeces), excretion, heat loss due to respiration
Equation of energy transfer %
Energy transfer % = net production of trophic level/net production of previous trophic level x 100
Note 
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