Cold War

What is the definition of a cold war?

Competition between US + Soviety Union for power + influcence in the world.

Characterized by political and economic conflict and mil. tensions.

What is the order of the presidents involved in the Cold War from the end of

WWII - Cuban Missile Crisis?

Truman, Eisenhower, then JFK.

Explain the conflicting goals (differences between) of the USSR and US

Soviet: Complete gov. ownership of land + property, single-party gov. control, lack of individual rights, call for worldwide gov.

US:Private ownership + unrestricted free market competition, multi-party gov. control, guaranteed Civil rights, wants self-determination for all countries.

Explain how post-WWII Germany was set up.

Split in half, East Germany- Soviet Union, West Germany- US, Brit. + France

Explain how post-WWII Berlin was set up.

Was the capital of Germ., located entirely in East Germ., city was split in half.

East Berlin- Soviet

West Berlin- US,Brit.+France

Identify where the Soviet Union spread out to after WWII.

Greece, Turkey, + Iran

Explain how the Soviet Union controlled these areas.

Set up satellite nations (puppet gov.) that were subject to Soviet domination.

Identify where the Soviet Union wanted to spread to and why?

Countries in Asia, South Am., Africa + middle east for resources (Third World Countries).

Explain what was happening in Third World countries after WWII.

U.S. vs. Soviet Union for their loyalty

Explain what happened in China after WWII.

Mao Zedong - Communist, U.S. doesn't support, won control. vs. Chiang Kai-Shek- Nationalist, US did support.

Explain what happened in Japan after WWII

U.S. occupied until 1951, U.S. mil would remain longer, allowed to keep emperor but no longer divine, Shinto religion outlawed because encouraged nationalism, Focus was to rebuild.

Explain what happened in the Middle East in regards to Iran

US helps put in power the Shah (president) to protect US oil interest

Explain OPEC

Controls the worlds oil

Explain what happened in the Middle East in regards to the Suez Canal

Egypt took control of canal, it was previously controlled by Brit.+France

Explain what happened in Hungary

Hungary Revolution- Hungary overthrows Soviet Union, doesn't last, Soviet sends in troops to restore control, US does nothing military wise.

Identify the term iron curtain

Refers to the border that separates free and communist countries of Europe.

Identify the term communist bloc

Refers to the countries of East Europe under Communist control.

Identify the term containment

Stop spread of Communism, especially to Greece, Turkey, and Iran.

Explain the Domino Theory

If we allow one country to fall into Communism, the rest will follow.

Identify George Kennan

Comes up with containment, US diplomat from Russia.

Identify John Foster Dulles

Sec. of State (deals w/ foreign issues), he's very aggressive against Communism.

(Believes that we go hard, they'll back down)

Identify the National Security Act

Creates: Dept. of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, CIA, and National Security Council.

Identify the Truman Doctrine

Allows us to use $$ + mil. to contain Communism.

Priority: Greece, Turkey - we need to protect.

Identify the Marshall Plan and explain how Stalin reacted.

US offers $$ to all European countries to help after WW2, Stalin will not allow his Communist countries to accept, he creates the Warsaw Pact.

Identify the Eisenhower Doctrine

We offer $$ + mil. to Middle East countries that were under threat from Communism.

Explain the role of the World Bank and explain how Stalin reacted.

International bank to promote economy after WW2. Stalin REFUSED to be apart of it.

Explain the UN Security Council and the Baruch Plan

Big 5/Winners of WW2: US, Russia, Brit., China, and France. Baruch Plan: Ideas of limiting nukes and international inspection - Stalin refused.

Identify NATO (Not just the acronym but also what it did)

North Atlantic Treaty Org. - Defense treaty, if you attack one you attack all.

Explain what happened in Berlin between Stalin and the other Ally nations

Berlin Blockade - Stalin surrounds West Berlin overnight, closes border, trains, etc. We respond with the Airlift - We(Allies) airlift supplies in. Soviet Response to war tension: Wall- Soviets upset about us flying in, the wall stopped East Germans from fleeing to West Berlin AND is a symbol of the Cold War when it comes down; showing the end of the war.

Explain what happened to the American Communist Party

Becomes secretive, no longer acceptable.

Identify HUAC. (Not just the acronym but also what it did)

House of Un American Activities Committee - reason is to look for Communism in America, if investigated you are ruined (blacklisted).

Identify the Loyalty Review Board

They investigate gov. workers for Communism.

Identify the Smith Act

Made it illegal to be apart of a group that wants to overthrow the gov., Supreme Court says law is legal.

Identify the Internal Security Act

Another way to look for Communism.

Explain the case of Chambers vs. Hiss

Chambers is the Time Mag. Editor, Hiss worked for the gov., Chambers accused Hiss of being Commi, Hiss is jailed (perjury), SCARED AMERICA - (If there's one Commi, there's more)

Identify Sen. Joseph McCarthy

He accused gov. people of being Commi, he has a list, public at first thought he was a hero (fix up everything + get rid of Comm.) blacklisted if accused, down fall: He never gave any evidence against these people, the last straw was when he accused top military.

Identify J. Edgar Hoover.

Founder of FBI, Hoover + FBI look for Communism, just being accused ruined you.

Identify Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.

Accused of giving bomb secrets to the Soviets, they are tried for treason + executed, there's very little evidence.

Identify the Hollywood Ten.

Hollywood people (actors, directors, etc.) accused of Communism, (actors were a big influence, are they influencing us w/ socialism?), jailed for contempt (refused to answer anything), they are killed.

Explain how Korea was split after WWII. (where it was divided and what type of government on each side)

North Korea- Communism

South Korea- Free

Split on 38th parallel

Explain what set off the Korean War and how the U.N. reacted.

North Korea crossed the border (1950), they push all the way into South Korea. UN reaction: Russia isn't apart of UN, but the UN tells North Korea they must withdraw from the South.

Explain what happened to make the Korean War go bad for the U.S.

They refused to withdraw, so UN sends troops in, we push up to China and they join in North Koreas side.

identify the U.S. commander in the Korean War

MacArthur

Identify some things that made the Korean War different from other wars

Not a declared war, first time military event- white + black troops are integrated.

Explain the dispute between Truman and MacArthur

Pres. Truman wants: a limited war (Keep 38th //, don't take N. Korea), Gen. MacArthur wants full out war (take over N.Korea), MacArthur publicly criticized the pres. + is fired.

Identify Panmunjom

Where peace talks occurred for 2 years.

Explain the significance of the new presidential administration

Eisenhower runs for pres. in 1953 "promises to go to Korea" ( to see what's going on), Eisenhower wins/does/war end.

Identify the years of the Korean War.

1950-1953

Explain the impact of the Korean War

1953-end, border is kept, Korea is still split today,

(3)win-Truly, we won b/c kept 38th.

(2)lose-US gained nothing.

(1)draw-most say nothing gained, nothing lost.

Identify the Gaither Report.

A secret report that got leaked, said US wasn't prepared

Identify the NSC-68.

we increase our defense spending

Explain how U.S. prepared for a nuclear age.

built bigger H bomb, bomb shelter, air raid drills, DR/hospitals must prepare.

Explain the significance between the Camp David Meeting & be sure to identify who met.

Summer retreat/estate for president, Khrushchev (USSR) + Eisenhower, put meeting on hold about Berlin

Explain the U-2 incident.

US spy planes shot down over USSR, US denied, Soviets have pilot, future meetings w/ USSR canceled

Identify Sputnik.

first satellite in space by Soviets, scared the US

Identify the National Defense Education Act.

we put in $$ in math + science b/c want engineers to go into tech

Identify NASA.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, our space program

Identify the accomplishment of John Glenn.

first American to orbit earth

Identify the accomplishment of Alan Shepard

first American in space

Identify the accomplishment of Neil Armstrong.

first person to walk on the moon

Explain how Fidel Castro gained power in Cuba and explain how the U.S. reacted to this.

Castro over through Cuban gov. + made it communist, US cuts off ties. w/ Cuba, try assassination attempts.

Explain the Bay of Pigs incident. (Be sure you can identify the 2 presidents involved)

place in Cuba, CIA trained Cuban exiles to go back + overthrow Castro, failed big time: poorly trained, wasn't a surprise attack, NY Times published, and no back up. JFK takes full responsibility.

Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis.

(Leaders, events, options, outcome)

Soviets (Khrushchev) put missiles in Cuba towards US, US spy planes find missiles, JFK options: air attacks, land invasion, negotiate, quarantine (blockade) final decision: quarantine, then negotiate. agreement: Soviet take out weapons in Cuba, US take out weapons in Turkey.

Identify the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

Agreement between US + USSR, no testing in air, ocean, or space.