Sexually Transmitted Infections Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover essential concepts regarding sexually transmitted infections, their prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and related medical information as discussed in the lecture.

What is the main approach to discussing sexually transmitted infections with patients?

Be kind, patient, and straightforward.

What is a misconception about Chlamydia?

You can get Chlamydia infections in your mouth.

What do you assume about your patient when discussing sexual health?

Assume your patient knows nothing and is sexually active.

Why is discussing sexually transmitted infections complicated for minors?

Parents' insurance is charged and parental consent is often required for testing and treatment.

What are the primary prevention strategies for sexually transmitted infections?

Education, immunizations, and circumcision.

What immunizations are recommended for prevention of STIs?

HPV/Gardasil, Hepatitis A & B, and HIV PrEP.

How often should sexually active women under 25 be tested for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea?

At least once yearly.

What is the recommended testing frequency for HIV in individuals aged 15-65?

At least once in a lifetime, up to every three months.

What is Chlamydia trachomatis?

A gram-negative bacteria and the most common cause of bacterial STIs.

List two complications of untreated Chlamydia infections in women.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and infertility.

What is a common complication of untreated Chlamydia in men?

Epididymitis.

What is the incubation period for Chlamydia infections?

Poorly defined, may be several weeks; may be asymptomatic.

What are common signs and symptoms of Chlamydia?

Vaginal or penile discharge, vaginal irritation, burning with urination.

What conditions should be included in the differential diagnosis when diagnosing Chlamydia?

Gonorrhea, urinary tract infections, bacterial vaginosis, and PID.

What is the preferred testing method for Chlamydia?

Nucleic acid amplification tests via dirty catch urine or vaginal swab.

What is the first-line treatment for Chlamydia?

Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID for 7 days.

What should be avoided after Chlamydia treatment?

All sexual activity for at least seven days.

What is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A gram-negative diplococcus responsible for gonorrhea.

List two complications of untreated Gonorrhea in women.

PID and infertility.

What are the incubation period signs of Gonorrhea?

2-8 days; may be asymptomatic.

What is the primary treatment for Gonorrhea?

Ceftriaxone 500 mg IM once.

What is the purpose of screening for HPV?

To detect cervical abnormalities and prevent cervical cancer.

What is the recommended age for females to start receiving the Gardasil vaccine?

11-12 years of age.

What is the HPV immunization schedule for individuals who receive the vaccine before 15?

Two doses at 0 and 6-12 months.

What is the incubation period for herpes simplex virus?

Average 4 days, range 2-12 days.

What are the primary symptoms of genital herpes?

Painful genital ulcers, dysuria, fever, malaise.

What is the treatment for recurrent genital herpes?

Valacyclovir 500 mg PO once daily.

What is the role of PrEP in HIV prevention?

It helps prevent HIV infection when taken consistently.

What does PrEP stand for?

Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.

What are the two medications in the PrEP combination pill?

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and Emtricitabine (FTC).

How often should individuals on PrEP be tested for HIV?

Every three months.

Which populations are at increased risk for Hepatitis B?

Individuals with multiple sexual partners, IV drug users, and health workers.

What are common symptoms of acute Hepatitis B?

Fever, fatigue, jaundice.

What is the primary treatment for early syphilis?

Single dose of Penicillin G benzathine (2.4 million units) IM.

What condition may develop from untreated early syphilis?

Cardiovascular syphilis or gummatous syphilis.

What differentiates tertiary syphilis from other stages?

It may develop 1-30 years after primary infection.

What is a common reaction after treating spirochetal infections?

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction.

What is the recommended follow-up for treated syphilis?

Monitor RPR titer levels at 6, 12, and 24 months.

What is the standard follow-up time for retesting after treatment for STIs?

At least three months after treatment completion.

How should genital warts be treated?

Cryotherapy, Imiquimod, or other topical agents.

What type of virus is the Human Papillomavirus?

Non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus.

What is the purpose of the Pap smear?

To screen for cervical cancer and HPV presence.

What is a significant concern for individuals with HSV-2?

Increased risk for HIV-1 infection.

How long can syphilis be transmitted to a fetus from a pregnant woman?

For up to four years during latent infections.

What is the characteristic lesion of primary syphilis?

A chancre, which is a painless ulcer.

What characterizes late latent syphilis?

It may occur any time 1-30 years after primary infection.

What are the recommended doses for the HPV vaccine after 15 years of age?

Three doses at 0, 2, and 6 months.

What should patients do before starting PrEP?

Consult with their health care provider to evaluate suitability.

What are some common side effects of PrEP?

Mild upset stomach or headache.

How is Hepatitis C diagnosed?

Through bloodwork for HCV antibody and viral tests.

What are the three doses prescribed for Hepatitis B vaccination?

At birth, 1-2 months, and 6-18 months.