Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry - Tests for ions

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Chemistry

Chemical Reactions

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Flame tests

  • Lithium Li+ → (Brick) Red

  • Sodium Na+ → Yellow

  • Potassium K+ → Lilac

  • Calcium Ca2+ → Orange

  • Copper(II) Cu2+ → Blue

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Cation tests - in solution (add NaOH [and warm for NH(4)+])

  • Ammonium NH(4)+ → damp litmus paper red → blue

  • Copper Cu2+ → blue

  • Iron(II) Fe2+ → green

  • Iron(III) Fe3+ → orange-brown

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Anion tests (add dilute nitric acid, then silver nitrate)

Chloride Cl- → white ppt. of AgCl

Bromide Br- → cream ppt. of AgBr

Iodide I- → yellow ppt. of AgI

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Other anion tests (add acid/add HCl then BaCl)

Carbonate CO(3)2- → cloudy, fizzes

Sulfate SO(4)2- → white ppt. forms