PSYC 245: Ch 3, Elicited Beh and Classical Conditioning

what is an elicited beh?

when a previous behavior follows a stimulus

what is another name for elicited beh?

respondent beh

what is a flexion response?

jerking back from hot/sharp objects

what is a survival/protective reflex?

ex: blinking

“survival of a threat”

what is a startle response?

bodily response to a stimulus

what is an orienting response?

orienting toward a stimulus

What is a backward conditioning?

least effective type of conditioning

• shock (US) is played first and overlaps with the tone (NS)

  • the tone (NS) becomes a CS-

What is simultaneous conditioning?

Results in poor conditioning

• tone (NS) happens at same times as shock

What is delayed conditioning?

Most effective conditioning

• tone (NS) overlaps shock

  • overlap: ISI, Interstimulus Interval

What is an interstimulus interval?

brief overlap between shock and tone

what is trace conditioning?

no overlap

• tone and then shock

What is classical conditioning?

elicited response from stimulus

what are two other names for classical conditioning?

• paired conditioning

• association conditioning

what are conditioning trials?

amount of times it takes to condition

what is a neutral stimulus?

stimulus is neutral: it does not elicit a response

what is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

stimulus you’re trained to respond to in a certain way

• think: ginny pig getting excited for a carrot when the fridge pops

what is an unconditioned stimulus?

a natural response

What is a conditioned response?

think: rat, fear, lever

• how you’re made to respond to a stimulus after conditioning

what is a conditioned emotional response (CER) paradigm?

measuring covert behavior (beh you cannot see)

what did Estes and Skinner study in 1941?

rat and lever; tone, shock

• 30” tone: 1” shock (US) - fear (UR)

• 30” tone (CS) - fear (CR)

  • eventually tone = fear, no press (conditioning)

what is the suppression of a beh as the CR (indirect covert beh measurement)?

just the tone (rat/lever/shock) = fear; won’t press lever (conditioning)

what is inhibitory conditioning?

inhibit = suppress; happens next

• NS assoc w absence of a US

  • dog owner present (CS-), fear absent (CR)

what is excitatory conditioning?

natural response to a stimulus

• happens first, NS assoc w presence of US

What is aversive conditioning?

aversive: avoid; unpleasant

what is appetitive conditioning?

get used to stimulus; pleasant

what did Rachman and Hodgson study in 1968?

black boots study

• boots (NS): nudes (US): arousal (UR)

  • just boots (CS): arousal (CR)

how do you transfer an aversive/appetitve stimulus to each other?

shock (right): salivation

shock (left): no salivation

what are masochistic tendencies?

liking a little pain w/ pleasure

• biting, optional/not always wanted

what is habituation?

you get bored of a stimulus

what is short term habituation?

quick recovery after absence; ie construction noise

what is long term habituation?

slow recovery after absence; ie hearing a train once a week (notice it)

what is dishabituation?

forgetting about it

what factors influence habituation and sensitization?

intensity and evolutionary significance

what are the levels of intensity in habituation and sensitization?

• low: habituation

• high: sensitization

• intermediate: sensitize then habituate (annoyed, get used to it)

what is sensitization?

get increasingly annoyed by it