DRRR - Ultimate Reviewer

These are phenomenon that commonly occur near fault lines

Earthquakes

These are cracks in the Earth’s crust where tectonic plates move

Fault line(s)

This measures the amount of energy that an earthquake releases

Magnitude of the earthquake

This describes the observed effects on people and structures.

Intensity

What is the point inside the Earth where the earthquake originates?

Focus (hypocenter)

What is the point directly above the focus (hypocenter) on the surface?

Epicenter

What is the most common hazard during earthquakes and causes buildings and objects to move violently?

Ground shaking

What occurs when the Earth’s surface breaks and shifts, often damaging roads and structures?

Ground Rupture

What happens when saturated soil loses strength and behaves like a liquid during shaking, causing structures to sink.

Liquefaction

The following are the safest immediate response during shaking because it protects individuals from falling debris:

1. Duck

2. Cover

3. Hold

Buildings designed with flexible materials and strong foundations are more resistant to?

Earthquake damage

The severity of damage depends on factors such as:

1. Distance from the epicenter

2. Building design

3. Soil condition

What are large sea waves triggered by underwater earthquakes and can flood coastal areas?

Tsunamis

Evacuating to higher ground immediately after strong shaking helps reduce the risk of?

Tsunami-related deaths

What can still occur after the main earthquake, so damaged areas should be avoided for safety?

Aftershocks

At these boundaries, one plate subducts beneath another, melts, and forms magma that rises to create volcanoes?

Convergent

Volcanoes can be classified into the following which depends on their eruption history:

1. Dormant (potentially active)

2. Active

3. Extinct

Even inactive volcanoes require awareness because ________ can change over time.

geological conditions

What is the molten rock that moves slowly but can destroy structures in its path.

Lava flow

What is a fast-moving mixture of hot gas, ash, and debris that is extremely deadly due to its speed and temperature?

Pyroclastic flow

The following are what ash fall can do:

1. Cover crops

2. Damage infrastructure

3. Cause respiratory problems

What is a mixture of volcanic ash and water that flows like mud and can bury communities

Lahar

During eruptions, immediate evacuation away from ______ and ______ is critical for safety

1. Slopes

2. Valleys

Cleaning ash should be done carefully using __________ to avoid health risks.

protective equipment

What occurs when soil and rocks move down a slope due to gravity, often triggered by heavy rainfall or earthquakes?

Landslides

What is a slow movement of soil that causes gradual tilting of structures over time?

Creep

What involves large rocks falling freely from cliffs due to gravity?

Rock fall

Warning signs of landslides include:

1. Cracks in the ground

2. Bulging soil

3. Unusual sounds

Planting ___________ helps stabilize soil and reduce landslide risk.

deep-rooted vegetation

What action from slopes showing warning signs is essential to prevent casualties.

Early evacuation

What are used to support soil and prevent slope failure.

Retaining walls

What occurs when underground materials collapse, often in areas with limestone.

Sinkholes

Avoiding ________ in sinkhole-prone areas reduces the risk of sudden ground collapse.

construction

What refers to short-term atmospheric conditions such as temperature and rainfall?

Weather

What refers to refers to long-term patterns of weather observed over many years?

Climate

Changes in climate patterns over time are referred to as?

Climate change

What is caused by the increase of greenhouse gases that trap heat in the atmosphere?

Global warming

These human activities increase greenhouse emissions

1. Burning fossil fuels

2. Deforestation

What is the process by which gases like carbon dioxide trap heat and keep Earth warm?

Greenhouse effect

Climate change can lead to extreme weather events, such as:

1. Stronger typhoons

2. Longer droughts

Sustainable practices that reduce climate change impacts:

1. Renewable energy

2. Tree planting

What protects coastal areas by reducing the impact of storm surges and flooding?

Mangroves

Combining solutions like relocation, reforestation, and adaptation strategies is more effective than using a?

Single approach

Tropical cyclones are classified based on?

Wind speed

What is the term for the strongest tropical cyclone?

Super typhoons

What is a sudden rise of seawater during a typhoon that can flood coastal communities.

Storm surge

This causes drought and reduced rainfall

El Niño

This brings heavier rainfall

La Niña

These signals guide decisions on class suspensions and safety preparations.

Public storm warning signals

During strong typhoons, early evacuation to _______ is the safest action.

higher ground

Early evacuation reduces casualties because it removes people from _______ before hazards strike.

high-risk areas

Communities should prepare:

1. Emergency kits

2. Evacuation plans

3. Communication systems

Long-term solutions such as water conservation and sustainable farming improve ______ to disasters

resilience

Government decisions should prioritize safety, prevention, and long-term risk reduction rather than?

short-term fixes

Magnitude and intensity are different because magnitude measures energy while intensity measures?

Impact

Not all volcanic hazards move slowly because ________ are extremely fast and deadly.

pyroclastic flows

Staying at home during disasters is not always safe because some hazards require?

Immediate evacuation

Climate change is not just natural because __________ significantly contribute to it

Human activities