english 3 first semester

Beowulf

A hero who fights Grendel, Grendel's Mother and a fire breathing dragon; protagonist

Macbeth

Shakespearean tragedy. Thirst for power and ambition is his downfall. Married to Lady Macbeth, who questions his manhood when he begins to back out of murdering Duncan, who is the king before Macbeth

Renaissance

flourishing culture and new ideas like humanism arose, began in Scotland

Who did Shakespeare write Macbeth for?

King James I

Why was Elizabeth a popular queen?

She was fearless, witty, and led England to naval success

What book did King James I write?

Demonology

Why were riddles popular with Anglo Saxons?

They were entertainment

What happened to the wife in "The Wife's Lament"?

She was banished by her husband, because of his family spreading rumors

How does the Wife feel? (Wife's Lament)

She wishes him the worst

How are Anglo Saxon values reflected in the elegies we read?

The desire of having a lord/master to serve

Where does the wife (Wife's Lament) live?

In the cold under a tree

What was the wife and husbands relationship like? (Wife's Lament)

They were deeply in love

Grendel

A demon descended from Cain, Grendel preys on Hrothgar's warriors in the king's mead-hall, Heorot. Because his ruthless and miserable existence is part of the retribution exacted by God for Cain's murder of Abel, Grendel fits solidly within the ethos of vengeance that governs the world of the poem.

Beowulf v. Grendel (first time)

Beowulf harms him, and Grendel goes to his home under a on-fire lake

Last battle in Beowulf

50 years later, Beowulf fights a dragon with weapons, unlike when he fought Grendel. He is harmed, but Wiglaf is given the throne

Wiglaf

Helps Beowulf fight the dragon whilst all the others run away, is given the throne as a reward.

Lyric

A type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world.

elegy

a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead or emotion

The Seafarer

a man who serves as a sailor, misses his home and family but the sea calls to him and he lives for adventure

The Wanderer

A man who travels the sea in search of a lord as he mourns the death of his previous one, feels no purpose.

how is The Wanderer an elegy

-the speaker mourns the loss of the king and his way of life

Kenning

A device employed in Anglo-Saxon poetry in which the name of a thing is replaced by one of its functions or qualities, as in "ring-giver" for king and "whale-road" for ocean.

Get Up and Bar the Door

humeruos poem about a husband and wife arguing

Battle of Hastings

(1066 CE) The Norman invasion of England; this was the largest battle. End of Anglo Saxon era

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Domesday Book

A record of all the property and holdings in England commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1066 so he could determine the extent of his lands and wealth

Chivalry

the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code. included courage, courtesy, ability, loyalty.

Manga Carta

document singed by Englands King John in 1215 that limited the power of the kind and protected the rights of nobles. Basis of English government.

Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351, killed 1/3 of europe

Labor Shortage from plague

lower population resulted in higher demand for workers, giving lower classes higher wages and work

Canterbury Tales

A collection of stories written in Middle-English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century. The tales are told as part of a story-telling contest by a group of pilgrims as they travel together on a journey .

Friar

Greedy, sold people their absolution

Squire

a young nobleman acting as an attendant to a knight before becoming a knight himself (knights son)

Merchant

In debt, fake, and acts above everyone

Cleric

studied lots, bought books he never paid for

Doctor

partnered with apothecary, in it for the $

Summoner

The Summoner brings persons accused of violating Church law to ecclesiastical court. This Summoner is a lecherous man whose face is scarred by leprosy. He gets drunk frequently, is irritable, and is not particularly qualified for his position. He spouts the few words of Latin he knows in an attempt to sound educated.

Searjent of Law

keeps order of crimes, lazy

The Parson

no bad traits, priest

Wife of Bath

Some what deaf, always had to be first to give at church (shows vanity and childish and need for attention) "had five husbands", made 3 pilgrimages to Jerusalem, wants to attract men, pleasent and easygoing nature.

The Pardoner

Official authorized to sell indulges (church pardons) for their sins, seft-interest.

Franklin

Wealthy landowner, not of noble birth, generous, good host, had been a member of parliment, royal tax collector (sheriff)

Guildsman

Their knives were not tricked out with brass/ But wrought with purest silver

Chaucer

wrote the Canterbury Tales, born middle class, father of english poetry

The Pardoner's Tale

The love of money is the root of all evil

Wife of Bath's Tale

What do women desire most? Equality and sovereignty as their husbands possess. He has to marry an ugly witch but she turns into a beautiful AND loyal woman because he gives her the freedom to decide

Ballad

A poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas

Medieval Ballads are about...

About love or death

The Twa Corbies

two ravens are watching a dead mans body who they will eat. the mans girlfriend has moved on and he is now forgotten

Message of Twa Corbies

The message is that after your own death, you are forgotten

Lord Randall

poisoned by his lover when she invited him for dinner

"Barbara Allen" is about:

A woman who denied her love, then when he kills himself she does the next day

Motif

A recurring theme, subject or idea

romance motifs

magic, dreams, betrayal, number 3, wise old man, test of hero

king arthur was also known as

once and future king

Seven Deadly Sins

Pride, Envy, Gluttony, Lust, Anger, Greed, Sloth

Seven Holy Virtues

chastity, temperance, charity, diligence, patience, kindness, humility

Where was Arthur born?

cornwall, england

Merlin

(Arthurian legend) the magician who acted as King Arthur's advisor

Canterbury Tales Prologue

setting - April, spring, begins at the Tabard Inn in London, England and moves toward Canterbury

Green Knight

mystery man whose body, hair, and clothing were green when he issued a challenge to King Arthur's men regarding the axe

Where does the Green Knight live?

The Green Chapel, in North Wales

What is the wager that Bertilak makes with Gawain?

Whatever I win on the field, I will give it to you and visa versa

Why does Gawain volunteer?

The loss of his life is lesser than King Arthur's

What happens when Gawain swings the axe?

He cuts off the Knights head, but the Knight lives

Where does Gawain stop on his way to the Green Chapel Gawain?

castle, where he makes the wager

Why does Lancelot leave Camelot?

he needed to get away from the Queen, who he loved

What is Lancelot's quest?

To save a beautiful maiden who was cursed to burn in hot water

(Death of Arthur) What does Arthur dream of?

1st- Falling into water and getting eaten

2nd-Gawain warning him he will die in a fight against Modred and to make a pact with him instead of fighting

Why does the battle start?

Someone is bit by a snake and draws their sword to kill it, but the other soldiers believe it is an act of war

What happens to Sir Lucan?

His guts fell out as he was helping Arthur

Sir Lucan

His guts fell out as Sir Bedivere lifted him, last knight to die

Sir Bedivere

Last of the Knights of the Table, disobeyed the dying KA (king arthur) about putting Excalibur into Nimue's lake twice, then obeyed

Who kills Arthur?

Mordred

Who kills Mordred?

Arthur

Who took Arthur away

3 ladies in a boat

Banquo

Macbeth's best friend, all his sons will be kings, suspects Macbeth, killed by hired murderers.

The 3 Weird Sisters

The witches who choose to toy with Macbeth's fate: they give Macbeth the prophecy and are responsible for most of the dramatic irony in play.

Macduff

A Scottish nobleman hostile to Macbeth's kingship from the start. He eventually becomes a leader of the crusade to unseat Macbeth. The crusade's mission is to place the rightful king, Malcolm, on the throne, but Macduff also desires vengeance for Macbeth's murder of Macduff's wife and young son.

Fleance

Banquo's son, who survives Macbeth's attempt to murder him.

King Duncan

King of Scotland; is murdered by Macbeth

Macbeth's first apparition

an armored head, warning to beware Macduff

Macbeth's second apparition

A bloody child, fear none born of woman

Macbeth's third apparition

a crowned child, says macbeth will never be vanquished

Macbeth's Fourth Apparition

A line of eight kings, banquo and his sons

Lady Macbeth

Macbeth's wife, kills herself because of the guilt

Christianity

linked England to Europe, spread/preserved literacy

Anglo-Saxon warrior code

community is everything, warfare is a huge part of life, loyalty to leader, needed to join together

Celtic religion

Animism, druid priests, stonehenge

Settlers and Invaders of Great Britain

Normandy (norse), Germany (anglo/saxon), Denmark (danes)

Alfred the Great

first great king of England

Battle of Hastings (1066)

led by William the conquerer, the Normand's invaded and conquered England

William the Conqueror

duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became the first Norman to be King of England

Chivalry

Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

The Black Death

A deadly plague that swept through Europe between 1347 and 1351

The Magna Carta

the royal charter of political rights given to rebellious English barons by King John in 1215 (have more power to the people rather than the church)

Johan Gutenberg

Invented the printing press

William Laxton

Made the printing press moveable

Crusades

A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.