APUSH UNIT 5 Easy A+ In Jesus Name, Amen

What was the Homestead Act

A law that gave 160 acres of western land to individuals who agreed to live on and farm the land for five years

What problem did westward expansion create for Native Americans

Native Americans were forced onto reservations and lost control of ancestral lands

What were Buffalo Soldiers

African American regiments in the United States Army who served in the West after the Civil War

What happened to the buffalo during westward expansion

Buffalo were slaughtered in massive numbers destroying the main food source of Plains tribes

What was the Battle of Little Bighorn

An 1876 battle in Montana Territory where Sioux and Cheyenne warriors defeated General George Custer

What was the Dawes Act

An 1887 law that divided tribal lands into individual plots to force Native Americans to adopt private property and farming

What was the Carlisle Indian School

A boarding school that forced Native American children to abandon their language religion and culture

What was Manifest Destiny

The belief that the United States was destined to expand and spread its culture across the continent

What was American Imperialism

A policy of expanding United States power overseas through political economic or military control

Who was Alfred Thayer Mahan

A naval officer who argued that a strong navy and overseas bases were necessary for national power

What were refueling stations

Overseas ports where steam powered ships stopped to load coal

Why was Pearl Harbor important before World War Two

It served as a major United States naval refueling and supply station in Hawaii

What was the Great White Fleet

A group of American battleships sent around the world by President Theodore Roosevelt to show military strength

What was yellow journalism

A style of sensational news reporting that exaggerated stories to attract readers and support war

What caused the Spanish American War

American support for Cuban rebels and the explosion of the USS Maine increased public demand for war

What was the USS Maine

A United States battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898 leading to war with Spain

Who were the Insurrectos

Cuban rebels fighting for independence from Spain

What territories did the United States gain after the Spanish American War

The United States gained Puerto Rico Guam and the Philippines

What was the Platt Amendment

A law that allowed the United States to intervene in Cuban affairs and lease land for naval bases

What was the Panamanian revolt against Colombia

A United States supported rebellion that allowed Panama to become independent so a canal could be built

What was Big Stick Diplomacy

A foreign policy where the United States used the threat of military force to influence other nations

What was the Open Door Policy

A policy that demanded equal trading rights for all nations in China

What was the Boxer Rebellion

A Chinese uprising against foreign influence that was crushed by an international military force including the United States

Who was Queen Liliuokalani

The last monarch of Hawaii who was overthrown by American settlers seeking annexation

What was vertical integration

A business strategy where a company controls all stages of production from raw materials to finished product

Who used vertical integration successfully

Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration in the steel industry

What was horizontal integration

A business strategy where a company buys out competitors in the same industry to eliminate competition

Who used horizontal integration successfully

John D Rockefeller used horizontal integration to control the oil industry

What is a monopoly

A situation where one company controls an entire industry and can set prices without competition

What was laissez faire

An economic policy where the government does not interfere in business practices

What was Social Darwinism

The belief that business success was based on natural superiority and survival of the fittest

Who was Boss Tweed

A political leader in New York City who used bribery intimidation and corruption to control government

What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal

A railroad scandal where Union Pacific insiders created a fake construction company and bribed politicians

What was the Compromise of 1877

An agreement that gave Rutherford B Hayes the presidency in exchange for removing federal troops from the South

What was the result of the Compromise of 1877

It ended Reconstruction and allowed Southern states to impose racial segregation laws

What were Jim Crow laws

State laws in the South that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans

What was Plessy versus Ferguson

A Supreme Court case that upheld segregation under the doctrine of separate but equal

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act

An 1882 law that banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the United States

What were labor unions

Organizations of workers who used collective power to demand better wages and working conditions

What is a strike

A work stoppage organized by workers to pressure employers for better conditions

Who were strikebreakers

Workers hired to replace striking employees during a labor dispute

What were yellow dog contracts

Agreements where workers promised not to join a union as a condition of employment

What was a blacklist

A list used by employers to deny jobs to workers involved in unions or political activism

What was a company town

A town owned by a company where workers were paid in company currency and depended on the company for housing and stores

What was a closed shop

A workplace where union membership was required for employment

What was the National Labor Union

The first national labor federation founded in 1866 that pushed for an eight hour workday

What was the Knights of Labor

A union that organized skilled and unskilled workers across racial and gender lines

Who was Samuel Gompers

The founder of the American Federation of Labor who focused on higher wages and shorter hours

What was the American Federation of Labor

A union that organized skilled workers and focused on practical economic gains

Who was Mother Jones

A labor organizer who fought for miners and child labor reform

What was the Homestead Strike

A violent 1892 steel strike at Carnegie Steel where Pinkerton guards fought striking workers

Who was Eugene V Debs

A labor leader and socialist who supported workers rights and opposed imperialism

What was the Populist Party

A political party formed by farmers that supported silver coinage income tax and government control of railroads

What was the election of 1896

A contest between William McKinley who supported gold and William Jennings Bryan who supported silver

What was the gold standard

A monetary system where currency is backed by gold

What was free silver

A policy proposal to increase money supply by coining silver at a sixteen to one ratio with gold

Who was William McKinley

A Republican president who supported tariffs gold standard and overseas expansion

Who was William Jennings Bryan

A Democratic candidate who supported free silver income tax and anti imperialism

What was the Panic of 1873

A financial crisis caused by railroad overbuilding and bank failures that led to economic depression

What was the Interstate Commerce Commission

A federal agency created to regulate railroad practices and prevent unfair rebates

What were railroad pools

Secret agreements among railroad companies to fix prices and eliminate competition

What was the Morrill Act

A law that gave federal land to states to fund agricultural and mechanical colleges

What was the Gospel of Wealth

Andrew Carnegie belief that the rich had a duty to use their wealth to benefit society

What was the perspective of the Gilded Age economy

Rapid industrial growth increased wealth for industrialists but often harmed workers and farmers