NT1 Final Exam Study Guide (MIDTERM COMBINED) ((SUPREME GLOBAL OFFENSIVE WINNING SLEEPER AGENT TURNS INTO CHIEFTAIN WARLORD PHAROAH AND WINS EVERYTHING SUPREME GALAXY TAKEOVER)

Author of the Book of Luke

Luke "the beloved physician"

Audience of the Book of Luke

Theophilus and the Gentiles

Date of writing for the Book of Luke

60 AD

Purpose of the Book of Luke

To record an orderly account of Jesus' life for Theophilus, so that he may have certainty in what he has been taught

Main Idea of the Book of Luke

"Jesus is the Savior of the World"

*Focus of the "Judea" section of the Book of Luke

Prologue (1:1 - 2:52)

*Focus of the "Primarily Galilee" section of the Book of Luke

Preparation of the Savior (3:1 - 4:13) and The Savior's Galilean Ministry (4:14-9:50)

*Focus of the "On the way to Jerusalem" section of the Book of Luke

The Savior's Ministry Approaching Jerusalem (9:51 - 19:27)

*Focus of the "Jerusalem" section of the Book of Luke

Conclusion of the Savior's Ministry (19:28 - 21:38) and Epilogue (22:1 - 24:53)

What was the purpose of John the Baptist's ministry in the Book of Luke?

John the Baptist's purpose was to point the spotlight to Jesus

What OT passage provides the framework for the Galilean ministry?

Isaiah 61

What is the theme of the parables in Luke 15?

The Three Parables highlight sinners/outcasts being sought and found.

What is the significance of Peter's confession (and Jesus' revelation of His death and resurrection)?

Set up the next major geographical shift in Luke's narrative

What is the subject matter of the Olivet Discourse?

Jesus' Teaching on Looming Judgement - The passage shifts between near-term prophecy (the events of 70 AD) and long-term prophecy (future eschatological events)

How does the ending of Luke fit into the overall purpose of the book?

It provides "certainty" (Luke 1:4) to Theophilus of the resurrection and ascension

What is the significance of Gabriel's prophecy to Zechariah?

It breaks 400 years of silence

*What is Luke's main concern in Jesus' Journey to Jerusalem?

Jesus' resolve to engage in the climax of His earthly mission in Jerusalem and his teaching along the way.

*What are the three major references to Jesus' Journey to Jerusalem?

Luke 9:51, 13:22, and 17:11

*Author of the Book of John

John the Apostle

*Audience of the Book of John

Ephesian Believers and Jews

*Date of writing of the Book of John

90 AD

Location of writing of the Book of John

Ephasus

Purpose of writing the Book of John

Evangelistic and Edification (John 20:31)

Occasion of the Book of John

Knew about the synoptics and wanted to give new and complementary material

~What two themes are repeatedly contrasted in John?

Light and Darkness

Identify the literary features emphasized in the Book of John

Simplicity of Style, Contrasts, and Irony

What is the driving question of the Cana Cycle?

How will you respond to the signs and speech of Jesus, about Jesus?

~What is the most dominant theme in John's Gospel?

Jesus is the Son of God

Which event is the first sign in John's Gospel?

Water to Wine at Cana

What are the aspects of the nature and purpose of Jesus' signs?

"Displays of Jesus' Messianic Power," "Authenticates Jesus' message and identity," and "Call for response of faith"

What does Jesus mean when he says, "eat my flesh and drink my blood" in John 6?

"The food and drink metaphor communicates the ingesting reality of belief" and "Just as physical bread is a staple for physical life, so belief in Jesus is the staple for spiritual life"

~Where is the "Farewell Discourse" located in John?

"Farewell Discourse = John 13 - 17" and "Farewell Discourse Proper = John 13:31 - 14:31"

What is the driving question of the Festival Cycle?

Will you accept or stumble over Jesus' heavenly origin?

What act models humble, sacrificial love in John 13?

Jesus washing the disciples' feet

~Why does Jesus promise the coming of the Spirit in John 14-16?

"The Father will send the Spirit to mediate the presence of Jesus, as they continue to love and obey Him" and "The intended result of Jesus' farewell --> peace"

~What is the seventh and last sign in John's Gospel?

The Raising of Lazarus from the Dead

What is the main idea of John 21?

Peter is restored from his denial of Christ and commissioned for leadership over Christ's flock

Author of the Book of Acts

Luke "the beloved physician"

Audience of the Book of Acts

Theophilus and the Gentiles

Date of writing of the Book of Acts

62 AD

Purpose of the Book of Acts

To give Theophilus an accurate and orderly account of the origins of Christianity

*What are the 5 characteristics of the Book of Acts?

Emphasis on the deeds of the apostles, the Work of the Spirit, Speeches, Numerical Growth of the Church, and Events Unique to the Time

Main Idea of the Book of Acts

"The work of the Holy Spirit through His Messengers to spread the Gospel."

Who are the two main figures in the Book of Acts?

Peter and Paul

*Focus of "The Apostle Peter" section of the Book of Acts

The Gospel advances in Jerusalem (1:1 - 8:4) and The Gospel advances in Judea & Samaria (8:5 - 12:25)

*Focus of "The Apostle Paul" section of the Book of Acts

The Gospel advances to the end of the Earth (13:1 - 28:31)

What is the theme verse of the Book of Acts?

Acts 1:8 "but you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be My witnesses both in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and even to THE END OF THE EARTH." (LSB)

~What are the main geographical divisions in Acts?

"Starts from Jerusalem and moves outward" or "Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the Earth or Gentiles"

What is the significance of the Samaritans' reception of the Spirit in Acts 8?

"The apostles laying hands on the Samaritans to receive the Spirit is unique to this context and established the inclusion of the Samaritans into the Church"

Why did God choose Saul?

"To be an instrument sounding the gospel to primarily Gentiles"

Which group did the gospel officially reach in Acts 10?

The Gentiles

What was the matter being debated at the Jerusalem council?

"Main Topic: Do Gentile Christians need to follow the Law of Moses to be saved?"

In which city did Paul spend 3 years during his 3rd missionary journey?

Ephesus

What does Paul focus on during his trial before Herod Agrippa II?

"Paul utilizes the platform he is given during his trial to preach the gospel"

What do the four beasts in Daniel 7:1-28 represent?

Lion with the wings of an eagle - Babylonian Empire
Bear raised up on one side - Persian Empire
Leopard with four wings and four heads - Macedonian Empire
Fourth beast with iron teeth and ten horns - Roman Empire

What impact did Cyrus II "the Great" have on the history of Israel?

He let his subjects practice their religion, this included the Jews. Also took control of the entire Median Empire.

What impact did Xerxes (aka Ahasuerus) have on the history of Israel?

Kind of "a bum" but he helped to deliver the Jews from the murderous plans of Haman

What impact did Artaxerxes I have on the history of Israel?

Allowed Ezra and Nehemiah to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple and the city

What influence did Alexander the Great have on Israel?

He would spread Hellenistic culture, which would influence the Jews (ie. language, philosophy, religion). Also, he allowed the Jews to continue to have their semi-autonomous state.

How did the rulers of the Ptolemaic dynasty treat the Jews?

They could enjoy religious and cultural freedom, but the rulers were only concerned about them paying taxes.

How did the rulers of the Seleucid dynasty treat the Jews?

At first, they were the same as the Ptolemaic dynasty, tolerant. Then they needed money, so they began to raid temples to make that money. Everything went bad.

Who was Antiochus IV Epiphanes?

A Seleucid ruler who would treat the Jews very poorly. He had up to 40,000 Jews murdered. He demanded that the Jews abandon all of their religious practices. Additionally, he profaned the temple by releasing pigs into it and even sacrificing a pig on the altar.

What is the Septuagint?

Greek translation of the Old Testament that was written in Alexandria

Who are the Maccabees?

A Jewish family that led a revolt against the Seleucids.
Matthias, Judas (Maccabeus), Jonathan, and Simon

~Julius Ceasar

Roman leader, emperor for a lifetime.
Defeated Pompey, ruled with senate, murdered

~Pompey the Great

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered . Caesar, Pompey and Marcus all shared power. caesar wanted more power and defeated them.

Took Israel

~Mark Antony

Caesar's right-hand man, teamed with Octavian to punish Caesar's murders, fell in love with Cleopatra, went into civil war, at Battle of Actium, he and Cleopatra fled and committed suicide

Married Cleopatra

~Octavian (Augustus Ceasar)

Changes his name to Augustus. He was part of the second triumvirate and eventually a emperor starting the Roman Empire and The pax romana

Defeated Mark Antony, ruler during the birth of Christ

Tiberius

Roman ruler during the life and ministry of Christ

Claudius

Roman ruler who expelled the Jews from Rome

Nero

Huge persecutor of the Church and also listens to Paul's appeal

Herod the Great

King of Judea who tried to kill Jesus by ordering the death of all children under age two in Bethlehem

Shifts loyalties to favor position

Gained more and more power over time

Herod Archelaus

Ruler of Judea and Samaria, son of Herod the Great

Herod Antipas

Ruler of Galilee and Perea, son of Herod the Great. Killed John the Baptist and is the predominant Herod of Jesus' crucifixion

Herod Agrippa I

Lavish lifestyle Acts 12:1-3a
In charge of all Israel

Herod Agrippa II

Listened to Paul's defense in Caesarea

What are the three principles for canonicity?

1. Apostolic Authority

2. Couldn't Contradict Previous Special Revelation

3. Community Recognition

What issue is the Synoptic Problem trying to answer?

Did Matthew, Mark, and Luke use the same sources? Did they use one another?

What is the best solution to the Synoptic Problem?

Literary Independence

What was the year of Jesus' birth?

~6/5 BC

What was the year of Jesus' death?

AD 33

What are the two pieces of external evidence for Matthean authorship?

Every manuscript that does have the beginning portion of the manuscript has the title "According to Matthew"

Unanimous Testimony of Church History: Papias of Hierapolis and Irenaeus of Lyon

Who is the intended audience of Matthew?

Jews (and the Church)

What are the 3 key themes of Matthew?

1. King and Kingdom

2. Fulfillment of the OT

3. Discipleship

What is the big idea of the genealogy?

Jesus has the proper credentials to be heir to the Davidic throne and fulfiller of the Abrahamic Covenant.

What are two ways that the word "fulfill" is used in Matthew?

One way is in relation to the Law or prophecy, and another way is through the completion of God's will.

Prophetic predicitions
Divine correspondence/pattern

What is the one-word theme/idea of the Sermon on the Mount?

Righteousness!

What does it mean that Jesus came to "fulfill" the Law?

To bring all of the promises and plans in the Old Testament to their intended goal

What is the purpose of Jesus' miracles?

They validate His Messianic identity and give a taste of the fullness of the kingdom.

~Based on Matthew 12, what is the blasphemy of the Holy Spirit?

It is the hard-hearted, deliberate rejection of God's truth and power, calling good "evil" and evil "good."

Those who saw the explicit working of the spirit yet attributed it to Satan

What are the two pieces of external evidence for Markan authorship?

1. Our early manuscripts name Mark as the author

2. Early Church Fathers

Which of the early church fathers is the most significant witness of Markan authorship?

Papias

Who is Mark's audience?

Gentiles (and Romans)

What is the evidence for the audience of Mark?

Translates Aramaic Expressions (Talitha kum)
There is explanation of Jewish customs (carefully washing their hands)
Uses Latin Expressions (Praetorium)
Use of the Roman time system
Portrays Roman individuals in a neutral or positive light

Where was Mark written?

Rome

How do we know where Mark was written?

Church tradition
Literature of Mark (Latin expressions and Roman time system once again play a role)

For the purposes of this class, what is the proposed date for Mark's writing?

AD 65-69

Why is Mark written when it was, what is the evidence?

Tradition favors a writing of Mark that follows the death of Peter
Mark's writing indicates that it was written during or shortly after the persecution under Nero in Rome (AD 67-69)

What is the two-fold purpose of Mark?

1. To present a full picture of Jesus' identity

2. Jesus is both the Son of God and the Suffering Servant

What are the two things Mark is trying to communicate?

1. Mark desires to proclaim the Gospel of Jesus Christ to unbelievers

2. To encourage persecuted believers with the suffering of Jesus Christ