Solubility, Precipitates, and Ionic Tests

nitrates

soluble

acetates

soluble (except AgOAc: slightly soluble)

alkali metals + ammonium salts

soluble

chlorides

soluble except AgCl, PbCl2, Hg2Cl2 (white ppt)

PbCl2

more soluble in hot water

bromides and iodides

soluble except Ag, Pb, Hg2

sulfates

soluble except Ba, Sr, Pb (white ppt)

CaSO4

sparing soluble

carbonates, phosphates, sulfites

insoluble except alkali metals and ammonium

sulfides of heavy metals

colored ppts

hydroxides

insoluble except Ba, Sr, Ca (slightly)

Ca(OH)2

moderately soluble, forms limewater

Ba(OH)2

more soluble → strong base test

AgCl dissolved in NH3

[Ag(NH3)2]+

Fe 3+ + SCN-

[Fe(SCN)]2+; blood red

Ba 2+ + SO4 2-

BaSO4 (s); white

Sr 2+ + SO4 2-

SrSO4 (s); white

Ag + + Cl -

AgCl (s); white, dissolves in NH3

Ag + + Br -

AgBr (s); pale yellow, partially soluble in conc. HN3

Ag + + I -

AgI (s); yellow, insoluble in NH3