histology final

histology questions and histological slides

Which of the following cells are most abundant in the lumens of the efferent lymphatic vessels?

Lymphocytes

Which of the following properties is common to both skeletal and cardiac muscles?

They are striated.

Where is the fibrous skeleton of the heart located?

Between the atria and ventricles

Which of the following statements regarding large arteries and veins is MOST ACCURATE?

Smooth muscle fibers in the tunica adventitia of the inferior vena cava are arranged longitudinally.

Which of the following is MOST ACCURATE regarding the histology of arterioles and arteries?

The smooth muscle layer is less pronounced in arterioles.

Which of the following statements regarding the histologic features of the arterial wall is MOST ACCURATE?

the layer of tissue that forms the outermost portion of the tunica intima is the internal elastic lamina.

Which layer of the heart valve is exposed to the ventricular space?

Ventricularis

The peak aortic pressure during the opening of the aortic valve is best known as which of the following terms and should normally be lower than which of the following values, respectively?

Systolic pressure, 120 mm Hg

What is the brown-stained material in this section of the artery wall?

Smooth muscle in the tunica media

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is best regarded as which of the following?

The epicardium

Which of the following layers in veins is thick and dominated by collagen?

Tunica adventitia

Which of the following statements regarding vascular endothelium is INCORRECT?

Vascular endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, except the heart.

Which of the following statements regarding pericytes is NOT correct?

They are cancerous cells.

Which of the following vessels has the thickest wall?

Aorta

What types of vessels are involved in the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and the interstitial compartment?

Capillaries

Which layer of the heart valve helps dampen the force of vibration caused by the valve closing?

Spongiosa

Which of the following layers of the vessel wall is most significantly thinner in veins than in arteries?

Tunica media

Which of the following is NOT a component of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Respiratory bronchioles

Identify the MOST ACCURATE statement regarding secretions of the respiratory mucosa?

Mucus is mainly secreted by goblet cells

The pleura mainly consists of which of the following tissue types?

Mesothelial cells supported by connective and fibroelastic tissues

What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?

Decreasing alveolar surface tension

Which of the following regarding an olfactory receptor cell is MOST ACCURATE?

It is a nerve cell with one axonal and one dendritic process

the passage of air results in which of the following movements in the vocal cords?

Vibrations

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

Housing olfatory receptors

The pulmonary veins receive blood directly from which of the following structures?

Alveolar capillaries

In the lung alveolus, the surfactant is produced by which of the following cells?

Alveolar type II cells

The great majority of the alveolar surface is covered by which of the following types of cells?

Type 1 Alveolar cells

The olfactory nerves pass through which of the following cranial bones?

ethmoid

Which of the following regarding the anatomical location of the olfactory region is MOST ACCURATE?

It is superior to the superior turbinate.

Which of the following statements about olfactory epithelium is CORRECT?

Supporting (or sustentacular) cells synthesize and secrete odorant-binding proteins (OBPs).

The supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium are analogous to which of the following cells?

Neural glial cells

The majority of the epithelium in the head of the epididymis contains which of the following types of cells?

Columnar cells with stereocilia

Which of the following terms refers to inert concretions of amyloid in the prostate and other tissues?

Corpora amylacea

Which of the following is the main erectile tissue of the penis that becomes engorged with blood?

Corpora cavernosa

Which of the following is NOT part of the male reproductive system?

Bartholin's glands

Which of the following is NOT an established area/zone of the prostate?

Tubular

Which of the following is most frequently used for screening of prostate cancer as it increases in the serum of patients with the disease?

Prostate specific antigen

Which of the following best represents the age range of gametogenesis in men?

from puberty until death

Where are the Leydig cells located?

Where are the Leydig cells located?

What is the major component of tunica albuginea?

collagen

The epithelium of the urethra is mainly composed of which of the following types of cells?

columnar

Which of the following statements regarding the epididymis is INCORRECT?

The stereocilia in the epididymis are motile

what is the correct path from where the spermatozoa are produced to where they enter the urethra?

Seminiferous tubules->rete testes->efferent duct->epididymis->vas deferens

During spermatogenesis, the second meiotic division occurs between which of the following?

Secondary spermatocyte and spermatid

Where does the sperm achieve final maturity?

Epididymis

What is the main function of the scrotum in keeping the testes outside the abdominal cavity?

Providing lower temperatures compared to that of the body

What is/are the main function(s) of the testis?

Both testosterone production and spermatogenesis

The network of many small veins found in the male spermatic cord is called the...?

...pampiniform plexus.

Which of the following helps regulate the temperature of the testes?

Scrotum

What is the main function of the cremaster muscle?

Raises and lowers the testes in order to regulate scrotal temperature

Which of the following statements about male reproductive accessory glands is INCORRECT?

The seminal vesicles empty their secretions into the membranous part of the urethra.

Which of the following muscles raise and lower the testes in order to regulate scrotal temperature for optimal spermatogenesis

Cremaster

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the epididymis?

It is where spermatozoa are initially produced

From which of the following does the corpus luteum develop?

From the ovarian follicle following the release of a secondary oocyte which is halted in meiosis II.

Which of the following are the two main ovarian hormones?

Estrogen and progesterone

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Progesterone repairs the endometrium that is shed during menstruation.

Which of the following statements regarding the zona pellucida is INCORRECT?

It produces the corona radiata.

What is the function of progesterone following ovulation?

Development of endometrial secretory activity

What is the approximate length of the fallopian tube in centimeters?

10-12

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

The mesothelial layer covering the ovary is a "germinal layer" which gives rise to the female gametes.

Which of the following is a function of the cervix in pregnancy?

Barrier against pathogens

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

the arcuate artery in the myometrium branches off of the basal artery.

Which ONE of the following is INCORRECT?

The zona pellucida surrounds the corona radiata.

The mammary gland is histologically similar to which of the following glands?

Sweat gland

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

The cervix produces a steady rate of mucus secretions throughout the menstrual cycle

Which of the following statements regarding the germinal epithelium of the ovary is MOST ACCURATE?

It consists of cuboidal cells

Which of the following is the main type of follicle that responds to follicle-stimulating hormone?

Primordial

Which of the following is NOT a part of the female reproductive system?

the pituitary gland

Which of the following types of cells form a multilayered cluster of cells surrounding the oocyte in the preovulatory follicle?

Granulosa

The conversion of glycogen into lactic acid by lactobacilli in the vagina causes which of the following?

Prevention of growth of other bacteria

The corpus luteum mainly produces which of the following hormones?

Progesterone

Which of the following is NOT a component of the female reproductive system?

distal urethra

What do the granulosa cells produce before ovulation?

Estradiol

Which of the following is produced by the ovaries?

Estrogen

Which of the following is NOT a function of the fallopian ("uterine") tube?

Maturation of the ovum

The fimbriae extend from which of the following portions of the fallopian tube?

Infundibulum

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

The clitoris is devoid of erectile tissue.

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

The mesothelial layer covering the ovary is a "germinal layer" which gives rise to the female gametes.

The parafollicular cells in the thyroid secrete which of the following hormones?

Calcitonin

What is the origin of the adrenal cortex?

mesoderm

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the zona reticularis?

Dehydroepiandrosterone

Which of the following is the main function of calcitonin?

Reducing blood levels of calcium

Which of the following is the main function of urothelium plaques?

Permeability barrier

The thyroid gland mainly produces what type of hormones?

endocrine

Which of the following layers of the adrenal gland is located just beneath the capsule of the adrenal gland and contains distinct round nuclei and a higher nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio?

Zona glomerulosa

Which of the following structures is connected to the pituitary gland through the hypophyseal portal system?

Hypothalamus

Which of the following cells secrete parathyroid hormones?

chief cells

Which of the following statements regarding the pituicytes is INCORRECT?

They have no role in maintaining the blood brain barrier.

What is the average length of the male urethra?

20cm

Glucocorticoids belong to which of the following classes of hormones?

steroids

Where in the thyroid cell is thyroglobulin initially synthesized?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Somatomedins are produced by which of the following organs?

Liver

Which of the following types of cells secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline?

Chromaffin cells

What is the approximate daily filtration capacity of the kidney?

180 liters

The juxtaglomerular cells are mainly seen in which of the following anatomical structures of the kidney?

Afferent arteriole

Approximately what percentage of total filtrate is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules into the blood?

65-70%

Which of the following is secreted by the cells in the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine

Where are the podocytes located?

Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

Aldosterone is secreted from which of the following parts of the adrenal gland?

Zona glomerulosa

Which of the following cells are most abundant in the anterior pituitary gland?

Somatotrophs