Fine Arts Section 2 and 3 25-26

At the turn of the twentieth century, American artists were still operating within a mode of training andexhibition that had emerged in the 1820

THE ACADEMY system

What was the most powerful arts organization

National Academy of Design

What paintings did the National Academy of Design reward

It rewarded narrative paintings and landscapes done in Impressionist styles

By the end

of the First World War, however, America was poised to

become a _site of _experimentation in

By the end

of the First World War, however, America was poised to

become a _site of _experimentation in

the arts.

dynamic; modernist

Who was the unofficial leader of the Ashcan school

Robert Henri

Who was Robert Henri

a portrait artist who had studied in Phi ladelphia and Paris before moving to New York in 1901, where he took up a teaching position.

Whom did Henri train

John Sloan, William Glackens, George Wesley Bellows, and George Benjamin Luks.

What were these younger artists known for

their representations of New York City, including images featuring the everyday lives of working-class people and the grittier side of life in poor neighborhoods.

What was their style that many learned from Henri

Thickly applied impasto brushwork inspired by European painters

Who were the European painters who inspired the styles of the young artists

Diego Velazquez, Frans

Hals, and Édouard Manet.

Who did the Ashcan artists take advantage of and why

The growing number of small, independent art galleries in New York is due to rejection from juries at more conservative artistic venues

In _, a group show at the _in

Manhattan featured works by Henri, Sloan, Glackens,

Luks, Everett Shinn, Maurice Prendergast, Ernest

Lawson, and Arthur B. Davies. Officially calling

themselves "__,"

1908; Macbeth Gallery; The Eight

How was "The Eight's work seen

Bold and modern

How was their nickname Ashcan School bestowed upon them

by an unfriendly critic

What did the Ashcan school contain

Loosely affiliated artists

Who did the Ashcan School represent

immigrant neighborhoods and sites of the working-class entertainment

At what year did the Ashcan School largely disband

Around 1917

What did Ashcan artists challenge

orthodoxies of art exhibition and criticism

What did the Ashcan artists' work not contain

Aggressive formal experimentation

that characterized European avant-garde art

movements.

What did the Ashcan artists' work retain

A commitment to naturalism

What is naturalism

The representation of things as they appear to the eye

Meanwhile in Europe, artists in movements

such as _, _, and _were

experimenting with new forms of abstraction that

pushed the limits of representation.

Cubism; Fauvism; Expressionism

What was one of the key events that brought Cubism, Fauvism, and Expressionism to the public in the US

International Exhibition of Modern Art

Where and when was the International Exhibition of Modern Art on view

The 69th Regiment Armory building in New York in February and March 1913

After February and March 1913, where did it travel to

Chicago and Boston

The exhibition's original venue's nickname

The Armory Show

The Armory Show was organized by whom

Arthur B. Davies, Walt Kuhn,

and Walter Pach

How many works and what kind of works, and what country did the works come from that were in the Armory Show

More than 1,300 works of modern and contemporary European and American art

While some of the

images were from _ movements

like _, most of the art works chosen

represented the state of contemporary art in both

_and the _

19th century; Impressionism; Europe; US

Between _

and _people saw the exhibition at its _

venues.

250,000; 275,000; 3

Who were the artists that were unfamiliar and were included in the Armory Show

Pablo Picasso, Marcel Duchamp, and Claude Monet

What is Futurism

An Italian movement focusing on speed, technology, modern life, and dynamism.

Duchamp's Nude Descending a

Staircase, No. 2 (1912) confounded viewers with its

_representation of the human form in _

and its collapse of _and _.

angular; motion; space; time

Who called modernist abstraction Lawless Art

Leila Mechlen

Who described the artworks as the chatter of anarchistic monkeys

Another critic

Who was the president of the National Academy of Design, and what was his stance on these comments

John White Alexander was more supportive.

What did John White Alexander call the younger artists

rebels

US did not enter the war until_ and the outbreak of war in Europe was in

1917; 1914

_was an antiwar art

movement that began in _in _and then

spread across _.

Dada; Switzerland; 1915; Europe

Who were the French artists that relocated to New York due to the war outbreak

Marcel Duchamp, who arrived in 1915, and Francis Picabia

Where did these French artists gather in

New York home of Louise and Walter Arensburg

Who were Louise and Walter Arensburg

Collectors and champions of modernism

What were artistic salons

intellectual gatherings convened by wealthy hosts

Along with support from critics at the many short-lived

independent periodicals sometimes referred to as the

"_"—helped bolster more cutting-edge

artistic experimentation during World War I.

little magazines

What were New York Dada artists especially interested in?

Conceptual Art

What are conceptual artworks

Artworks that are more concerned with the concept, the idea behind the art

Less interested

in aesthetics, these artists instead embraced chance

and _, nonsense, and the refashioning of

items of everyday life into artworks. They explored

concepts of _and challenged the idea that

artistic quality was tied to _and _.

randomness; authorship; skill; training

Duchamp's works like In Advance of the Broken

Arm (1915), a metal snow shovel, were known as

_

ready-mades

what are ready-mades

ordinary consumer products that were

purchased, titled, and displayed in artistic spaces, transforming them from commodities into "art."

What was Duchamp fascinated by

American engineering, architecture, and plumbing

His enthusiasm for

American _and his _brought an

_into the art world.

popular culture; humor; irreverence

Who is the father of conceptual art

Man Ray

What was Alfred Steiglitz associated with

Pictorialism

What was Pictorialism

global movement that argued

for photography to be accepted as a fine art.

In _, Stieglitz started publishing his journal, _

which would go on to feature photographs by some

of the most important _of the early

_century.

1903; Camera Work; photographers; 20th

In _, Stieglitz opened his first art

gallery, familiarly known as "_" for its address on

_Avenue.

1905; 291; 5th