Physics

How do you calculate distance and displacement in physics?

How do you calculate distance and displacement in physics?

Calculate distance and displacement for 1D and 2D motion, using vector diagrams where appropriate.

Define speed and velocity.

Speed is a scalar quantity representing the distance traveled per unit of time, while velocity is a vector quantity that includes direction along with speed.

What are the formulas for average speed and average velocity?

Average speed = total distance / total time; Average velocity = total displacement / total time.

Define acceleration.

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

What are the formulas for calculating acceleration?

a = (v - u) / t and v = u + at.

What is the formula for distance when acceleration is involved?

s = ut + ½ at².

How can you represent an object's motion graphically?

Draw, interpret and describe an object's motion using displacement-time graphs and velocity-time graphs.

How do you calculate speed or velocity from a displacement-time graph?

The speed or velocity can be calculated by finding the gradient of the graph.

How do you calculate displacement from a velocity-time graph?

Displacement is calculated as the area under the velocity-time graph.

How do you find acceleration from a velocity-time graph?

Use the gradient of a velocity-time graph to find the acceleration of the object.

What is the acceleration due to gravity?

The acceleration due to gravity is 9.80 m/s².

Define force and its SI unit.

Force is a push or pull on an object and is measured in newtons (N).

What is resultant force?

Resultant force is the single force that represents the vector sum of two or more forces acting on an object.

How do you resolve force vectors in 2D?

Resolve force vectors by breaking them down into their horizontal and vertical components.

Define inertia and its affecting factors.

Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion, affected by its mass and distribution of mass.

State and explain Newton's 1st Law.

Newton’s 1st Law states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

State and explain Newton's 2nd Law.

Newton’s 2nd Law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma).

State and explain Newton's 3rd Law.

Newton’s 3rd Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What is the relationship to calculate force?

F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.

Define energy and its SI unit.

Energy is the capacity to do work and is measured in joules (J).

How is energy detected?

Energy cannot be seen, but it can be detected when a change occurs.

List forms of energy.

Energy exists in many forms including heat, mechanical, chemical, electrical, light, sound, nuclear, potential, and kinetic.

State the law of conservation of energy.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Define kinetic energy and its formula.

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion, calculated by the formula EK = ½ mv².

Define gravitational potential energy and its formula.

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored due to an object's position in a gravitational field, calculated by EP = mgh.

When is energy present as potential or kinetic energy?

Energy is present as either potential energy or kinetic energy, or both, depending on the object's position and motion.

How does the law of conservation of energy apply to a body in a gravitational field?

The total energy of the body remains constant as it changes its position in the gravitational field, transforming between potential and kinetic energy.

What does it mean when work is done?

Work is done when a force acts on an object to move it a certain distance.

What is the relationship to calculate work?

W = Fs, where W is work, F is force, and s is distance.

Define power and its SI unit.

Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred, measured in watts (W).

What is the relationship for calculating power?

P = W / t, where P is power, W is work done or energy transferred, and t is time.

How can energy be transformed?

Energy can be transformed from one form into one or more other forms, often resulting in energy loss, usually as waste thermal energy.

How do you calculate the efficiency of energy transformations?

Efficiency = (useful energy output / total energy input) x 100%.

How do you rearrange and apply formulae related to energy transfers?

Rearrange formulas based on the specific context of energy, motion, or gravitational position changes.